Karl Novak

Karl Novak
Karl Novak
Outros nomes Ludwig[1]
Nascimento 19 de outubro de 1905
Pula, Litoral austríaco, Áustria-Hungria (atual Croácia)
Morte 1975
Atenas, Grécia
Serviço militar
País  Iugoslávia (1930–1945)
Anos de serviço 1930–1945
Patente Tenente-coronel
Unidades Guarda Azul
Conflitos Batalha de Grčarice
 

Karl Novak (19 de outubro de 19051975) foi um oficial militar iugoslavo-esloveno. É conhecido por ser o comandante dos Chetniks Eslovenos na Província de Liubliana (parte da atual Eslovênia) durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Biografia

Novak nasceu em Pula em 1905. [2] Depois de se formar no ensino médio em Maribor, frequentou a academia militar. [2]

Antes da Segunda Guerra Mundial, Novak era major do Exército Real Iugoslavo. [3]

Segunda Guerra Mundial

Após a invasão da Iugoslávia pelo Eixo em abril de 1941, Novak foi para o quartel-general de Draža Mihailović em Ravna Gora junto com Jaka Avšič. [4] Novak foi instruído por Mihailović para se infiltrar no quartel-general das forças comunistas na Eslovénia, mas esta tentativa falhou porque os comunistas eslovenos foram avisados pelo quartel-general comunista de Užice. [5]

Em fevereiro de 1943, Novak, principal representante de Draža Mihailović na província, tendo tentado durante muitos meses fazer com que a Aliança Eslovena colocasse algumas das suas forças sob o seu comando, formou a sua própria milícia, conhecida como Guarda Azul (também conhecida como os "Chetniks Eslovenos"). [6] Todas as principais facções de resistência na Eslovénia tinham os seus representantes no quartel-general de Novak, incluindo a Legião Eslovena, a Legião Nacional e a Legião Sokol. [7] Novak foi o único comandante Chetnik que exerceu controle político e militar completo sobre as unidades sob seu comando nominal. [8] No entanto, esta unidade nunca ultrapassou 400 soldados e, como Novak não tinha base política na Eslovénia, nunca foi uma força militar ou política significativa. Após a guerra, Novak afirmou que o Exército Real Iugoslavo na Eslovênia teve encontros armados com tropas italianas e reuniu informações sobre os italianos para Mihailović, mas de acordo com o historiador Jozo Tomasevich a primeira afirmação é infundada, pois os italianos alocaram uma zona operacional para o principal de Novak unidade e indiretamente forneceu-lhe suprimentos, e seu tamanho e restrições ao seu movimento impediram a coleta de muitas informações úteis. [9]

Perto de Novo Mesto, em agosto de 1943, Novak estabeleceu o Destacamento Chetnik de Liubliana. [10] O Major Novak esteve em Ljubljana durante a Batalha de Grčarice e comandou suas unidades por meio de conexão de rádio. Após a derrota de suas unidades nesta batalha, o Major Novak foi a Roma para evitar as tentativas alemãs de prendê-lo em Liubliana. [11] Em 25 de dezembro de 1943, Mihailović promoveu Novak ao posto de tenente-coronel. Em janeiro de 1944, Novak e Dobrosav Jevđević, chefe do serviço de inteligência de Mihailović na Itália, [12] estabeleceram uma unidade militar Chetnik no litoral esloveno e estabeleceram o seu primeiro destacamento nas Colinas de Gorizia. [13] Novak era uma espécie de enviado de Mihailović junto aos Aliados na Itália e tinha a intenção de usar esta nova unidade Chetnik como núcleo para nova ação Chetnik na Eslovênia, e por isso solicitou que o quartel-general de Mihailovic obtivesse apoio financeiro da embaixada iugoslava na Suíça. [14]

Novak morreu em Atenas em 1975. [2]

Referências

  1. (Крањц 2006, p. 183): "LUDVIG - major Karl Novak, četniški poveljnik Slovenije (Ludwig, drugo ime v rojstnem listu) ."
  2. a b c (Крањц 2006, p. 21)
  3. Vojno-istoriski glasnik. [S.l.: s.n.] 1983 
  4. (Latas & Dželebdžić 1979, p. 68)
  5. (Marković 1988, p. 57)
  6. (Minić 1993, p. 82): "У Словенији радио је на организовању четника Карло Новак, кога је у Словенију са овлашћењИма упутио Дража Михаиловић. "
  7. Vojno-istoriski glasnik. [S.l.: s.n.] 1962 
  8. (Karchmar 1973, p. 529): "Only Novak in Slovenia had full military and political control over his nominal command,..."
  9. Tomasevich 2001, pp. 109–111.
  10. (Kristen 2006, p. 266)
  11. (Mlakar 2003, p. 135): "Majorja Novaka so v Ljubljani Nemci hoteli aretirati, a se je izmaknil z odhodom v Rim, toda tudi od tam je po svojih zvezah ... 1943"
  12. (Šubelj 1999, p. 24): "Jevdjevič je bil namreč vodja obveščevalne službe Draže Mihailoviča v Italiji."
  13. (Nose 2008, p. 25): "Januarja 1944 sta začela Dobrosav Jevdjevič in Karel Novak, 'ki ga je general Mihailovič za božič 1943 povišal v čin podpolkovnika' ... "
  14. (Kristen 2006, p. 136):"Karel Novak, po katastrofi v Grčaricah neke vrste Mihailovića 'delegat' za stike z zahodnimi zavezniki v Italiji, je prav ta odred v januarju 1944 nameraval uporabiti za »jedro nove akcije v Sloveniji« in je zaradi tega štab Draže Mihailovića naj pri vladi doseže izplačilo določene vsote denarja preko Švice in tamkajšnjega jugoslovanskega poslaništva"

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