Jean-François Millet

Jean-François Millet
Jean-François Millet
צילום מאת נדאר בסביבות 1858-1856
Nascimento 4 de outubro de 1814
Gréville-Hague
Morte 20 de janeiro de 1875 (60 anos)
Barbizon
Sepultamento Chailly-en-Bière
Cidadania França
Cônjuge Pauline Virginie Ono-dit-Biot, Catherine Marie Joseph Lemaire
Filho(a)(s) Marie-Rosalie Millet, Jean-François Millet
Irmão(ã)(s) Pierre Millet, Jean-Baptiste Millet
Alma mater
  • Escola Nacional Superior das Belas-Artes
Ocupação lavrador, pintor, gravador, relator de parecer, fotógrafo, artista gráfico, artista visual
Distinções
  • Cavaleiro da Legião de Honra (1868)
Obras destacadas As Respigadoras, Angelus, The Potato Harvest, The Sower
Movimento estético pintura do realismo

Jean-François Millet (Gréville-Hague, 4 de Outubro de 1814Barbizon, 20 de Janeiro de 1875) foi um pintor realista e um dos fundadores da Escola de Barbizon na França rural. É conhecido como precursor do realismo, pelas suas representações de trabalhadores rurais.

Carreira

Junto com Courbet, Millet foi um dos principais representantes do realismo europeu surgido em meados do século XIX. Sua obra foi uma resposta à estética romântica, de gostos um tanto orientais e exóticos, e deu forma à realidade circundante, sobretudo a das classes trabalhadoras.

Millet era filho de um latifundiário, nascido na vila de Gruchy, em La Hague, na Normandia. Recebeu suas primeiras aulas de pintura em 1834, no estúdio dos pintores Paul Dumouchel, Jérome Langlois e Chevreville, em Cherbourg. Mudou-se depois para Paris, em 1838, onde continuou sob a orientação do pintor Paul Delaroche, dedicando-se a estudar os grandes mestres do Louvre, principalmente Giorgione, Michelangelo e Poussin. O início de sua carreira como artista foi muito difícil. Precisava ganhar a vida pintando quadros a pastel no estilo rococó.

Após 1840, decide abandonar o Academismo e fica sob a influência de Daumier. Nessa época consegue se apresentar pela primeira vez no Salão de Paris e conhece os pintores Théodore Rousseau e Constant Troyon, que o influenciaram a mudar-se para o campo. Ele se estabeleceu na aldeia de Barbizon. Lá viveria toda a sua vida, longe da cidade que detestava e pintando seus quadros de paisagens e cenas da vida rural, que tantas críticas despertaram entre os conservadores franceses. A revolução popular de 1848 elevou Millet e a Escola de Barbizon a um lugar proeminente na arte francesa.[1] Em 1849 abdica definitivamente de Escola de Barbizon para se dedicar por inteiro às suas representações de trabalhadores rurais das mais diversas áreas.

Suas obras sobre camponeses foram consideradas sentimentais para alguns, exageradamente piegas para outros, mas a verdade é que as obras de Millet em nenhum momento suscitaram indiferença. Na tepidez de seus ocres e marrons, no lirismo de sua luz, na magnificência e dignidade de suas figuras humanas, o pintor manifestava a integração do homem com a natureza. Alguns temas eram tratados talvez com um pouco mais de sentimentalismo do que outros. No entanto, é nos pequenos gestos que se pode descobrir a capacidade de observação deste grande pintor. Exemplo disso é sua famosa tela Angelus (1859), hoje no Museu d´Orsay.

Obras selecionadas

Autorretrato (1841), óleo sobre tela, Museu Thomas-Henry de Cherbourg-Octeville.

As maiores coleções de obras de Millet encontram-se no Museu de Orsay em Paris, no Museu de Belas Artes de Boston e no Museu Thomas-Henry de Cherbourg-Octeville.

Galeria

Ver também

Referências

  1. JANSON, H. W.; A. F. (2009). Iniciação à história da arte. São Paulo: Martins Fontes. p. 322 

Ligações externas

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Jean-François Millet

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