Invasão mongol de Java

A dinastia Yuan sob Kublai Khan tentou em 1292 invadir Java, uma ilha na atual Indonésia, com 20 000 a 30 000 soldados.[1][2] Esta invasão foi planejada como uma expedição punitiva contra Kertanegara de Singhasari, que se recusou a pagar tributo ao Yuan e mutilou um de seus emissários. [3][4] No entanto, nos anos intermediários entre a recusa de Kertanegara e a chegada da expedição a Java, Kertanegara foi morto e Singhasari foi usurpado por Kediri. Assim, a força expedicionária Yuan foi direcionada para obter a submissão de seu estado sucessor, Kediri. Depois de uma campanha feroz, Kediri se rendeu, mas as forças Yuan foram traídas por seu antigo aliado, Majapahit, sob o comando de Raden Wijaya. No final, a invasão terminou com o fracasso de Yuan e a vitória do novo estado, Majapahit.[1][2][5][6][7]

Cena de batalha do templo principal do complexo do templo de Penataran.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Weatherford, Jack (2004), Genghis khan and the making of the modern world, New York: Random House, p. 239, ISBN 0-609-80964-4
  2. ↑ a b Bade, David W. (2013), Of Palm Wine, Women and War: The Mongolian Naval Expedition to Java in the 13th Century, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
  3. ↑ Levathes, Louise (1994), When China Ruled the Seas, ISBN 0-671-70158-4, New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 54, The ambitious khan [Kublai Khan] also sent fleets into the South China Seas to attack Annam and Java, whose leaders both briefly acknowledged the suzerainty of the dragon throne 
  4. ↑ Man, John (2007), Kublai Khan: The Mongol king who remade China, ISBN 978-0-553-81718-8, London: Bantam Books 
  5. ↑ Averoes, Muhammad (2022). «Re-Estimating the Size of Javanese Jong Ship». HISTORIA: Jurnal Pendidik Dan Peneliti Sejarah. 5 (1): 57–64. doi:10.17509/historia.v5i1.39181 
  6. ↑ Bowring, Philip (2019), Empire of the Winds: The Global Role of Asia's Great Archipelago, ISBN 9781788314466, London, New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd 
  7. ↑ Nugroho, Irawan Djoko (2011), Majapahit Peradaban Maritim, ISBN 978-602-9346-00-8, Jakarta: Suluh Nuswantara Bakti 
A frota de Kublai Khan passando pelo arquipélago indonésio, por Sir Henry Yule (1871)

Fontes

  • Bade, David W. (2013), Of Palm Wine, Women and War: The Mongolian Naval Expedition to Java in the 13th Century, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 
  • Groeneveldt, Willem Pieter (1876), Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca Compiled from Chinese Sources, Batavia: W. Bruining   Este artigo incorpora texto desta fonte, que está no domínio público.
  • Jákl, Jiří (2014). Literary Representations of War and Warfare in Old Javanese Kakawin Poetry (Tese de PhD). The University of Queensland 
  • Levathes, Louise (1994), When China Ruled the Seas, ISBN 0-671-70158-4, New York: Simon & Schuster, p. 54, The ambitious khan [Kublai Khan] also sent fleets into the South China Seas to attack Annam and Java, whose leaders both briefly acknowledged the suzerainty of the dragon throne 
  • Nugroho, Irawan Djoko (2009), Meluruskan Sejarah Majapahit, Ragam Media 

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