Integrador

Um integrador é um circuito eletrônico que realiza um processo de integração (soma infinitesimal) dos sinais decorrentes da variação do sinal de entrada conforme sua variação no intervalo de tempo analisado. A integração é uma das operações fundamentais do cálculo, o inverso da diferenciação ou derivação. Um circuito que realiza a diferenciação é chamado circuito diferenciador.

Integradores podem ser construídos através de diversos tipos de circuitos, mas a forma mais comum é constituída de um amplificador operacional com realimentação negativa através de um capacitor. Uma tensão é aplicada, através de um resistor, na entrada inversora deste amplificador operacional e a entrada não inversora é aterrada. A corrente fornecida pela fonte é transmitida ao capacitor que, por sua vez, se carrega.

Pela análise do circuito:

ou aplicando a transformada inversa de Laplace:

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre eletrônica é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.


É um circuito que realiza a operação matemática denominada integração. Assim como o diferenciador, o circuito integrador nada mais que divisor de voltagem RC, a diferença é que o integrador o sinal é retirado do capacitor. Para o integrador funcionar adequadamente, aconstante de tempo RC, deve ser muito maior em relação ao período do sinal de entrada. A constante de tempo deve ser pelo menos dez vezes maior que o período de entrada (Tin), ou seja: RC≥ 10xTin

A) APLICAÇÕES

A aplicação mais comum de um integrador é a geração de uma tensão de saída na forma de uma rampa que apresenta uma linearidade no aumento ou na diminuição da tensão, semelhante a um dente de serra. Esta característica permite a utilização de integradores em geradores de varreduras nas repetidoras de radar, por exemplo.

B) Integrador com Amplificador Operacional No integrador com Amp-OP, o componente de realimentação é um capacitor em vez de um resistor. O sinal usual de entrada são pulsos retangulares e o sinal de saída é uma rampa.

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