Infraestruturas lineares

No contexto de biologia da conservação, infraestruturas lineares[1] são modificações antropogênicas que interferem numa matriz florestal provocada pela construção de estradas, rodovias, ferrovias, canais, linhas de energia e de gás, afetando assim, a qualidade do solo, o relevo, a hidrologia e, sobretudo, a biodiversidade do local, conduzindo a paisagem a uma fragmentação contínua devido a subsequentes fatores que podem extinguir a floresta.[2]

As estruturas lineares favorecem os efeitos de borda, os quais aumentam a alta mortalidade das árvores (causada por flutuações drásticas na temperatura, luz, umidade e competição entre espécies) reduzindo ainda mais o tamanho e qualidade do fragmento, além de diminuir o fluxo entre um fragmento e outro pelas espécies que o compõem, favorecendo assim apenas espécies com alguma capacidade dispersiva especializada. Devido aos efeitos da fragmentação, as infraestruturas lineares podem levar ao isolamento das populações, diminuição da variabilidade genética, redução no bem-estar e nas taxas de sobrevivência local das espécies. [3].

Referências

  1. ↑ Fernandes, Margarida (2008). Manual de Apoio à Análise de Projetos Relativos à Implementação de Infra-Estruturas Lineares. [S.l.]: Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e Biodiversidade 
  2. ↑ Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests (2009) Laurance W.F., Goosem M., Laurance S.G.W. Impacts of roads and linear clearings on tropical forests (2009) Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 24 (12) , pp. 659-669.

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