Matriz (ecologia)

Fragmentos de floresta rodeados por matriz modificada

Entende-se por matriz a paisagem adjacente a um fragmento florestal, adequado ou não para uma determinada espécie. É um conceito amplamente utilizado em ecologia de paisagem e nos estudos de metapopulações, funcionando como um mosaico de unidades com diferentes níveis de permeabilidade, com cada unidade oferecendo diferentes resistências a movimentação entre os fragmentos ou à ocorrência de diferentes espécies. [1] [2]

Tipos de matriz ecológica

Matriz ecológica natural

Pode ser definida como áreas que resguardam características naturais necessárias à manutenção dos ecossistemas, sendo compostas de grandes territórios apresentando boas representações dos biomas nos quais estão inseridas. Em geral contém uma cadeia ecológica completa com a biodiversidade capaz de manter a vida silvestre em todos os níveis da cadeia alimentar. [3]

Matriz ecológica modificada

É o conjunto de ambientes que envolvem fragmentos de habitat em paisagens, sendo considerada pouco importante, inóspita e às vezes homogênea por alguns autores. Como exemplo de matriz ecológica modificada pode-se utilizar as matrizes da paisagem urbana (construções, bairros, etc.), plantações e pastagens. [4] [5]

Importância da matriz ecológica

A resposta de algumas espécies as variadas estruturas de matriz circundante pode variar de acordo com suas exigências ecológicas, por exemplo, em morcegos na floresta Amazônica, estudos revelam que estes não sofrem influência da matriz circundante, logo, para estes morcegos a matriz não funciona como barreira para sua dispersão. A matriz exerce papel fundamental na dinâmica populacional e a capacidade das espécies em ocupar ou se deslocar pela matriz é um atributo essencial para a manutenção destas em ambientes extremamente fragmentados como os de diversos biomas. Além disto, a matriz pode complementar e atuar de forma sinérgica com os corredores ecológicos na facilitação do deslocamento de espécies em paisagens fragmentadas. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre Ecologia é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Referências

  1. ↑ Ricklefs, R. E. (2010). A Economia da Natureza. 6ª edição. Editora Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro.
  2. ↑ Ricketts, T. H. (2001). The matrix matters: Effective isolation in fragmented landscapes. American Naturalist 158:87-99.
  3. ↑ Brocaneli, P. F. (2008). Matrizes naturais e matrizes urbanas: limites e bordas na paisagem da cidade de São Paulo. 4º Fórum de pesquisa FAU Mackenzie.
  4. ↑ Ricketts, T. H. (2001). The matrix matters: Effective isolation in fragmented landscapes American Naturalist 158:87-99.
  5. ↑ Vandermeer, J., Carvajal, C. (2001). Metapopulation dynamics and the quality of the matrix. American Naturalist 158:211-220
  6. ↑ Antongiovanni, M., Metzger, J.P. (2005). Influence of matrix habitats on the ocurrence of insectivorous bird species in Amazonian forest fragments. Biological Conservation 122:441-451.
  7. ↑ Henle, K., Davies,, K.F., Kleyer, M., Margules, C., Settele, J. (2004). Predictors of species sensitivities to fragmentation. Biodiversity and Conservation 13:207-251
  8. ↑ Bernard, E., Fenton, M. B. (2007). Bats in a fragmented landscape: Species composition, diversity and habitat interactions in savannas of Santarém, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Biological Conservation, 134(3), 332-343.
  9. ↑ Baum, K.A., Haynes, K.J., Dillemuth, F.P., Cronin, J.T. (2004). The matrix enhances the effectiveness of corridors and stepping stones. Ecology 85:2671-2676.

Ver também

Read other articles:

Distrik di Pakistan

Distrik di PakistanKategoriDivisi administratifLetakUnit administratif di PakistanJumlah wilayah170 (hingga 2023)PendudukTerbanyak: Lahore, Punjab — 11.126.285 (2017)[1]Tersedikit: Awaran, Balochistan — 121.660 (2017)[1]LuasTerluas: Chagai, Balochistan — 44.748 km2 (17.277 sq mi)Tersempit: Karachi Tengah, Sindh — 69 km2 (27 sq mi)PemerintahanAdministrasi DistrikPembagian administratifTehsil, Dewan Persatuan Pakistan Artikel ini adalah bagi...

 

Head Start

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Operation Head Start. Sekolah Heart Start Kabupaten Washtenaw, Michigan di Kotapraja Superior Head Start adalah sebuah program dari Departemen Layanan Manusia dan Kesehatan Amerika Serikat yang menyediakan pendidikan sejak dini komprehensif, kesehatan, nutrisi, dan layanan keterlibatan orang tua untuk anak-anak berpendapatan rendah dan keluarga mereka. Sumber daya dan layanan program tersebut dirancang untuk menstabilkan hubungan keluarga, memajukan kebaikan emosion...

 

Cyphosperma

Genus of palms Cyphosperma Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Arecales Family: Arecaceae Subfamily: Arecoideae Tribe: Areceae Subtribe: Basseliniinae Genus: CyphospermaH.Wendl. ex Hook.f. Synonyms[1] Taveunia Burret Cyphosperma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae, native to various islands of the Pacific. It contains the following species:[1][2] Cyphosperma bala...

Zoom (software)

Videoconferencing software This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see Zoom Video Communications. ZoomParticipants in a shared Zoom call in 2020Original author(s)Eric YuanDeveloper(s)Zoom Video CommunicationsInitial releaseOctober 12, 2011; 12 years ago (2011-10-12)Stable release5.17.11 / March 8, 2024; 28 days ago (2024-03-08) Operating system Android 5.0 and later Windows 10 and later OS X Mavericks and later iOS 8 and later ...

 

Ad hoc

Latin phrase signifying a solution meant to address one specific problem or task This article is about the Latin phrase. For other uses, see Ad hoc (disambiguation). Not to be confused with A priori and a posteriori. Ad hoc is a Latin phrase meaning literally 'for this'. In English, it typically signifies a solution for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances (compare with a priori). Common examples are ad hoc committee...

 

Teacher (Jethro Tull song)

1970 single by Jethro TullTeacherArtwork for the Chrysalis sheet musicSingle by Jethro TullA-sideThe Witch's PromiseReleased16 January 1970[1][2]RecordedDecember 1969[3]StudioMorgan Studios, London[4]GenreBlues rock, hard rock[5]LabelChrysalisSongwriter(s)Ian AndersonProducer(s) Ian Anderson Terry Ellis Jethro Tull singles chronology Sweet Dream (1969) The Witch's Promise / Teacher (1970) Inside (1970) Teacher is a song by the British rock band Jethro T...

Primera División 1982-1983 (Spagna)

Primera División 1982-1983 Competizione Primera División Sport Calcio Edizione 52ª Organizzatore RFEF Date dal 4 settembre 1982al 1º maggio 1983 Luogo  Spagna Partecipanti 18 Formula Girone all'italiana Risultati Vincitore Athletic Bilbao(7º titolo) Retrocessioni Las PalmasCelta VigoRacing Santander Statistiche Miglior marcatore Hipólito Rincón (20) Incontri disputati 306 Gol segnati 780 (2,55 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 1981-1982 1983-1984 Manua...

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer

Waters Quattro II triple quadropole mass spectrometer (center). This photo was taken in the old mass spec facility in Whitmore Lab of Pennsylvania State University. Quadrupole from a Waters TQ-S triple quadrupole mass spectrometer A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in series, with a (non-mass-resolving) radio frequency (RF)–only quadrupole between them to act as a cell for collision-induced dissociation. Th...

SpaceX Starship

Starship Sistem peluncur SpaceX Starship merupakan sebuah kendaraan peluncur daya angkat super berat yang dapat digunakan kembali. Kendaraan peluncur yang terdiri atas dua tingkatan ini tengah dikembangkan oleh SpaceX. Sistem ini terdiri atas tingkatan pendorong bernama Super Heavy dan sebuah tingkatan atas yang disebut Starship.[1]:16:20–16:48 Tingkatan atas dirancang untuk membawa kargo dalam durasi yang panjang[2] sebelum nantinya dikembangkan lagi sebagai wahana antariks...

 

Courtney B. Vance

Courtney B. VanceVance pada 2007LahirCourtney Bernard Vance12 Maret 1960 (umur 64)Detroit, Michigan, A.S.PendidikanHarvard University (BA)Yale University (MFA)PekerjaanAktorTahun aktif1983–sekarangSuami/istriAngela Bassett ​(m. 1997)​Anak2 Courtney Bernard Vance[1] (lahir 12 Maret 1960) adalah aktor panggung dan layar Amerika. Vance memulai karirnya di panggung Broadway pada tahun Fences, Six Degrees of Separation, dan Lucky Guy untuk itu dia ...

 

Сибирский горный козёл

Сибирский горный козёл Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:СинапсидыКла�...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

Sofiur Rahman

Makam Sofiur Rahman di Kuburan Azimpur, Dhaka. Sofiur Rahman (atau Safiur Rahman, Saifur Rahman) (bahasa Bengali: শফিউর রহমান) (24 Januari 1918 – 22 Februari 1952) adalah tokoh yang dianggap sebagai martir Pergerakan Bahasa di Bangladesh. Sofiur Rahman lahir di Konnagar. Pada 22 Februari 1952, ketika ia memasuki Jalan Nawabpur, yang saat itu penuh dengan demonstran, ditembak oleh polisi, dan tewas setelah dilarikan ke Dhaka Medical College. Ia dikubur pada tengah mal...

 

Tanghe County

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Tanghe County – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) County in Henan, People's Republic of ChinaTanghe County 唐河县TanghoCountyFrom top to bottom, left to right: Wenfeng Pagoda (文峰塔), N...

38th century BC

One hundred years, from 3800 BC to 3701 BC This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 38th century BC – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Millennium 4th millennium BC Centuries 39th century BC 38th century...

 

Moshava

Yokneam (Moshava) Yavne'el (Moshava) Moshava (Ibrani: מושבה), jamak: Moshavot (מושבות) adalah jenis permukiman desa di Israel. Di dalam moshava, berbeda dengan permukiman komunal seperti kibbutz dan moshav, semua lahan dan properti dimiliki pribadi. Moshavot pertama (disebut koloni dalam literatur profesional) didirikan oleh para perintis Aliyah Pertama di Palestina Utsmaniyah.[1] Ekonomi moshavot awalnya bergantung pada hasil tani. Petah Tikva, dikenal sebagai Induk Mo...

 

Papaver

Papaver Papaver alpinum Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukaryota Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Tracheophyta (tanpa takson): Angiospermae Kelas: Eudikotil Ordo: Ranunculales Famili: Papaveraceae Subfamili: Papaveroideae Tribus: Papavereae Genus: PapaverL. Spesies tipe Papaver somniferumL.[1] Spesies Lihat teks Papaver /pəˈpeɪvər/[2] adalah genus yang terdiri dari 70–100 spesies tumbuhan semusim, tumbuhan dwimusim, dan tumbuhan menahun yang tahan terhadap embun beku. Genu...

Orlamünde

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (September 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wiki...

 

Jasraj

Pandit JasrajLahirJasraj(1930-01-28)28 Januari 1930Hisar, Punjab Britania[1](sekarang Fatehabad, Haryana, India)Meninggal17 Agustus 2020(2020-08-17) (umur 90)New Jersey, A.S.[2][3]PekerjaanPenyanyi, guru musik, pemain tablaKota asalVersova, Mumbai[4]Suami/istriMadhura Shantaram ​ ​(m. 1962⁠–⁠2020)​AnakShaarang Dev PanditDurga JasrajOrang tuaPandit Motiram (bapak)KerabatPandit Maniram (kakak)Pandi...