Hoh Xil

Qinghai Hoh Xil ★
Tipo Natural
Critérios vii, x
Referência 1540
Região ♦ Ásia e Oceania
País  China
Coordenadas 35° 22′ 49″ N, 92° 26′ 21″ L
Histórico de inscrição
Inscrição 2017

★ Nome usado na lista do Património Mundial

 ♦ Região segundo a classificação pela UNESCO

Hoh Xil ("Montanha azul" em português, ou Aqênganggyai, "Senhor das dez mil montanhas"), ou Kěkěxīlǐ (可可西里), é uma região isolada situada na porção noroeste do Planalto do Tibete, na província de Qinghai, China. É a parte menos povoada da China, e a terceira menos povoada do mundo.

Geografía

A região tem uma extensão de 83 000 km², com altitude média de 4.800m ao nível do mar e se extende em direção meridional entre as cadeias montanhosas de Tanggula e Kunlun, nas zonas de fronteira com o Tibete no sudoeste da China, na província chinesa de Qinghai e no noroeste da China na região de Sinquião. A parte sudeste de Hoh Xil, próxima ao rio Chumar, é uma das principais fontes da cabeceira do Rio Yangtze. O restante da região é endorreica, com drenagens em numerosos lagos isolados. Esta área é conhecida como o "distrito dos lagos Hoh Xil"[1].

Geologia

O Hoh Xil é uma região vulcanica. Na zona há numerosos nascimentos vulcânicos que abrigam vários vulcões desde a Era Cenozoica, assim como alguns do tipo hawaiano. Bamaoqiongzong cobre uma superfície de 300km² e contem uma construção perfeitamente conservada de rochas paralcalinas fonolíticas e foidíticas. Yongbohu contem cinco respiradores dacíticos, traquiandesíticos e andesíticos. Qiangbaqian é uma região ampla próxima a fronteira meridional da cordilheira de Kunlun. Pensou-se que cone da caldeira de Hoh Xil estava em erupção em 1973, devido a uma foto de satélite, e atualmente considera-se como historicamente ativo.[2]

Fauna silvestre

Apesar do clima inclemente, Hoh Xil abriga mais de 230 espécies de animais silvestres, 20 das quais estão sob proteção do estado chinês, incluindo o iaque silvetre, o burro selvagem, o veado de lábio branco, o urso pardo e o ameaçado antílope tibetano. A grande quantidade de Ochotona curzoniae, um pequeno roedor escavador, é o prato principal da dieta dos ursos pardos da região, porém os ursos também se alimentam de iaques e antílopes[3]. Hoh Xil, uma região até agora desconhecida, e o antílope tibetano, tornaram-se famosas graças ao filme: Kekexili: Mountain Patrol de 2004.

UNESCO

Foi inscrito como Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO em 2017 por: "ser o maior e mais alto planalto do mundo."[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ Zheng Mianping (1997). An introduction to saline lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 0-7923-4098-1 
  2. ↑ «Global Volcanism Program». 8 de novembro de 2017 
  3. ↑ Xu Aichun,Jiang Zhigang, Li Chunwang, Guo Jixun, Wu Guosheng e Cai Ping (2006). Summer Food Habits of Brown Bears in Kekexili Nature Reserve, Qinghai: Tibetan Plateau, China. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 132–137 
  4. ↑ Hoh Xil. UNESCO World Heritage Centre - World Heritage List (whc.unesco.org). Em inglês ; em francês ; em espanhol. Páginas visitadas em 06/09/2018.

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