Fanjingshan

Fanjingshan ★

Rocha do Cogumelo
Tipo Natural
Critérios x
Referência 1559
Região ♦ Ásia e Oceania
País  China
Coordenadas 27° 53′ 44″ N, 108° 40′ 48″ L
Histórico de inscrição
Inscrição 2018

★ Nome usado na lista do Património Mundial

 ♦ Região segundo a classificação pela UNESCO

Fanjingshan (chinês: 梵净山, pinyin: Fànjìngshān) ou Monte Fanjing, é o pico mais alto das Montanhas Wuling, localizada em Tongren, província de Guizhou sudoeste da China, com uma altura de 2,570m. A Reserva Natural de Fanjingshan foi estabelecida em 1978 e denominada como Reserva de Biosfera da UNESCO em 1986. É uma montanha sagrada no budismo chinês, considerada como uma bodhimanda do Buda Maitreya.

Nome

O nome da montanha "Fanjing" é uma abreviação de Fantian Jingtu (梵天净土), ou "Terra Pura do Brahma". Fantian é o nome chinês para o rei dos céus budista Brahma e Jingtu para terra pura, o foco da terra o Budismo da Terra Pura.[1]

Localização e ambiente

Fanjingshan localiza-se em Tongren, província de Guizhou sudoeste da China com alturas que variam de 480 a 2,570m acima do nível do mar.[2][3]

A Reserva Nacional de Fanjingshan foi estabelecida em 1978 e denominada como Reserva de Biosfera da UNESCO em 1986.[2] Cobre uma área total de 567km2e é uma área de conservação para a vegetação primitiva da região alpina do meio sub-trópico do oeste chinês.[2] A montanha foi deniminada Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO em julho de 2018.[3]

O relativo isolamento de Fanjingshan gerou uma amplo grau de biodiversidade. Espécies endêmicas como o raro macaco-cinzento-de-nariz-arrebitado e o abeto de Fanjingshan (Abies fanjingshanensis) somente aparecem em uma pequena região central de Fanjingshan.[2][3] Muitas espécies ameaçadas como a salamandra-gigante-da-china, o cervo Musk da floresta e o Faisão de Reeve também são encontrados aqui. Também é o lar da maior e mais contínua floresta de faias primitiva subtropical.[3]

UNESCO

Foi inscrito como Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO em 2018 por: "ser lar de muitos animais e plantas que se originaram do Período Terciário, há entre 65 milhões e 2 milhões de anos. O seu isolamente gerou o aparecimento de várias espécies endêmicas levando a um alto grau de biodiversidade"[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ «铜仁梵净山佛教文化综述». Governo de Tongren (em chinês). Consultado em 5 de julho de 2018 
  2. ↑ a b c d «Biosphere Reserve Information: Fanjingshan». UNESCO – MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory. UNESCO. Consultado em 3 de julho de 2018 
  3. ↑ a b c d «Fanjingshan». UNESCO. Consultado em 3 de julho de 2018 
  4. ↑ Fanjingshan. UNESCO World Heritage Centre - World Heritage List (whc.unesco.org). Em inglês ; em francês ; em espanhol. Páginas visitadas em 07/09/2018.

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