Direitos humanos em território controlado pelo Estado Islâmico do Iraque e do Levante

A situação dos direitos humanos em territórios controlados pelo Estado Islâmico do Iraque e do Levante é considerada uma das piores da história moderna[1][2][3][4] e tem sido severamente criticada por muitos políticos, organizações religiosas e cidadãos notáveis. As políticas do Estado Islâmico incluíam atos graves de genocídio, tortura e escravidão, com a Comissão de Direitos Humanos das Nações Unidas (UNCHR) declarando que o Estado Islâmico busca subjugar os civis sob seu controle e dominar todos os aspectos de suas vidas por meio do terror, doutrinação e prestação de serviços à organização. As ações do EIIL, de extrema criminalidade, terror, recrutamento e outras atividades foram documentadas em várias regiões do mundo, especialmente o Oriente Médio, Europa e África.[5][6][7][8][9]

O território no Iraque e na Síria que foi anteriormente ocupado pelo Estado Islâmico do Iraque e Levante (áreas que o EIIL afirmava fazerem parte do seu autodenominado "Califado") viu a criação de um dos regimes mais criminosos, corruptos e violentos dos tempos modernos.[10][11] A organização e o regime do EIIL assassinaram dezenas de milhares de civis, sequestraram vários milhares de pessoas e forçaram centenas de milhares de outras a fugir.[12] O EIIL cometeu tortura sistematicamente, estupros em massa, casamentos forçados, atos extremos de limpeza étnica, assassinatos em massa, genocídio, roubo, extorsão, contrabando, escravidão, sequestros e uso de crianças-soldados, bem como realizaram punições públicas como decapitações, crucificações, espancamentos, mutilações, desmembramentos, apedrejamentos de crianças e adultos e queima de pessoas vivas, motivadas por interpretações estritas da lei Sharia - que eram baseadas em métodos antigos do século VIII.[13][14]

Várias organizações de direitos humanos e organizações de paz, incluindo o Human Rights Watch, as Nações Unidas e a Amnistia Internacional, consideraram o EIIL culpado de crimes contra a humanidade e também a acusam de ser uma organização criminosa, que cometeu alguns dos crimes de guerra mais graves desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial.[15][16]

Referências

  1. ↑ «ISIS Fast Facts». CNN. 6 de setembro de 2020. Consultado em 2 de abril de 2021 
  2. ↑ «FN: IS har begått ohyggliga brott mot mänskligheten» (em sueco). Omni. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2020 
  3. ↑ Puppincck, Gregor (Outubro de 2017). «ISIS Crimes: Justice Must Be Done!» (em inglês). European Centre for Law & Justice. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2021 
  4. ↑ Wille, Belkis (3 de agosto de 2018). «Four Years on, Evidence of ISIS Crimes Lost to Time». Human Rights Watch. Consultado em 2 de abril de 2021 
  5. ↑ Bell, Stewart (5 de junho de 2019). «RCMP Explores Crimes Against Humanity Charges for Canadian ISIS Members». Global News. Consultado em 2 de abril de 2021 
  6. ↑ «UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria: ISIS is Committing Genocide Against the Yazidis». United Nations Human Rights Council. 16 de junho de 2016. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2021 
  7. ↑ «"They Came to Destroy": ISIS Crimes Against the Yazidis» (em inglês). Peace Women. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2021 
  8. ↑ Moore, Jack (15 de agosto de 2017). «ISIS Torture Methods Revealed: Sitting With Severed Heads, Fuel Dousing and The 'Flying Carpet'». Newsweek. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2021 
  9. ↑ Saidova, Maftuna (25 de junho de 2018). «Rebuilding Iraq Should Include Mental Health Care for Yazidi Survivors». Global Justice Center. Consultado em 2 de abril de 2021 
  10. ↑ Chulov, Martin (24 de março de 2019). «The Rise and Fall of the Isis 'Caliphate'» (em inglês). The Guardian. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2021 
  11. ↑ Houry, Nadim (5 de fevereiro de 2019). «Bringing ISIS to Justice: Running Out of Time?». Human Rights Watch. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2021 
  12. ↑ Nebehay, Stephanie (2 de outubro de 2014). «Islamic State committing 'staggering' crimes in Iraq: U.N. report» (em inglês). Reuters. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2020 
  13. ↑ «Iraq's Criminal Laws Preclude Justice for Women and Girls» (em inglês). Global Justice Center. 26 de março de 2018. Consultado em 2 de abril de 2021 
  14. ↑ Speckhard, Anne. «The Punishments of the Islamic State – ICSVE» (em inglês). Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2020 
  15. ↑ Human Rights Watch. «ISIS». www.hrw.org. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2020 
  16. ↑ BBC News (2 de outubro de 2014). «UN accuses Islamic State of 'gross rights abuses'» (em inglês). Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2020 

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