Diorito

Diorito

Diorito é uma rocha ígnea intrusiva.[1] É uma rocha com quantidades intermédias de sílica (entre 52% a 65%, aproximadamente), conferindo-lhe uma acidez intermédia. Contém piroxenas e anfíbolas como minerais essenciais, no grupo dos minerais ferromagnesianos, e plagioclases. O diorito é o equivalente plutónico ou intrusivo do andesito. O lento arrefecimento dos magmas que originam esta rocha proporcionam a formação de minerais visíveis a "olho nu" — rocha fanerítica/granular.

Uso histórico

O diorito é uma rocha extremamente dura, tornando difícil de esculpir trabalhos maiores. É tão duro que civilizações antigas (como no Egito Antigo) usavam bolas de diorito para quebrar granito. Sua dureza, entretanto, também permite que seja finamente trabalhado e receba grande polimento, e que se tenha um resultado durável.

Um uso relativamente frequente de diorito era para inscrições, por ser mais fácil esculpir em relevo que estátuas tridimensionais. Talvez o trabalho em diorito mais famoso seja o Código de Hammurabi, inscrito em um pilar de 2.23 m de diorito preto. O original pode ser visto hoje no Louvre, em Paris.[2] O uso de diorito em obras artísticas foi importante nos primórdios das civilizações do Oriente Médio, como no Antigo Egito, na Babilônia, Assíria e Suméria. Era tão valioso em tempos antigos que o primeiro grande império Mesopotâmico - o Império de Sargão da Acádia - mencionava a aquisição de diorito como o propósito de expedições militares.

Embora possa ser encontrada arte em diorita em períodos posteriores, foi ficando mais popular como uma pedra de construção e foi frequentemente usada como pavimento, devido a sua durabilidade. O diorito foi usado tanto pela civilização Inca quanto pelos Maias, em sua maioria para muros de fortalezas, armamentos, etc. Foi especialmente popular com construtores islâmicos medievais. Tempos depois, o diorito foi muito usado como calçamento; hoje, muitas ruas calçadas com diorito podem ser encontradas na Inglaterra e na Escócia, assim como no Equador ou na China. Embora o diorito tenha uma textura áspera naturalmente, sua habilidade em levar polimento pode ser vista nos degraus de diorito da Catedral de São Paulo, em Londres, onde séculos de tráfego pedestre deixaram os degraus completamente lisos.


O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Diorito

Referências

  1. ↑ «Rochas». Petrografia. Museu Geológico. Col: Geobases. PT: Ineti 
  2. ↑ The Louvre: Law Code of Hammurabi

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