Clavariaceae

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaClavariaceae
Classificação científica
Domínio: Eukaryota
Reino: Fungi
Filo: Basidiomycota
Classe: Agaricomycetes
Ordem: Agaricales
Família: Clavariaceae
Chevall. (1826)
Género-tipo
Clavaria
Vaill. ex L. (1753)
Géneros
Camarophyllopsis

Ceratellopsis
Clavaria
Clavicorona
Clavulinopsis
Hirticlavula
Hodophilus
Hyphodontiella
Lamelloclavaria
Mucronella
Ramariopsis

A Clavariaceae é uma família de fungos da ordem Agaricales. Originalmente, a família continha a maior parte dos fungos clavarioides, mas em seu consenso atual é mais restrita, embora com uma maior diversidade de formas de basidiomas. Os basidiomas são clavarioides (parecidos com coral) ou agaricoides (em forma de cogumelo), menos comumente corticioides (efusivos, semelhantes a crostas) ou hidnoides (com espinhos pendentes).

Taxonomia

História

A Clavariaceae foi originalmente circunscrita (como "Clavariae") pelo botânico e micologista francês François Fulgis Chevallier em 1826.[1] Foi uma das cinco famílias (juntamente com Agaricaceae, Hydnaceae, Polyporaceae e Thelephoraceae) que Elias Fries usou para dividir as Agaricales e Aphyllophorales em sua influente obra Systema Mycologicum.[2] A família serviu como um local conveniente para todos os gêneros que contêm espécies com basidiomas superficialmente semelhantes a uma clava ou um coral. Primeiro foi Marinus A. Donk e depois Edred J. H. Corner que perceberam que, nesse sentido amplo, a família não era um conjunto filogenético natural de espécies relacionadas.[3] Corner publicou sua monografia mundial em 1950 (revisada em 1967 e atualizada em 1970), introduzindo conceitos modernos de muitos gêneros de fungos clavarioides [en].[4][5] Corner incluiu três gêneros em seu conceito de Clavariaceae: Clavaria, Clavulinopsis e Ramariopsis.[4]

Status atual

A análise filogenética molecular, com base na análise cladística das sequências de DNA, confirmou o conceito de Corner sobre a Clavariaceae, mas o ampliou para incluir agáricos (cogumelos com lamelas) nos gêneros Camarophyllopsis,[6] Hodophilus,[7] e Lamelloclavaria.[8] Os gêneros clavarioides Clavicorona,[9][10] Hirticlavula,[9] e um conceito revisado de Ceratellopsis[10] também estão incluídos, assim como o gênero fungo hidnoide Mucronella[9][10] e o gênero corticioide Hyphodontiella.[11]

Variedade morfológica da Clavariaceae
Agaricoide: Camarophyllopsis olivaceogrisea
Clavarioide: Hirticlavula elegans
Clavarioide: Clavulinopsis fusiformis
Hidnoide: Mucronella pendula
Clavarioide: Ramariopsis pulchella

Habitat e distribuição

A família tem distribuição mundial, embora muitas espécies individuais sejam mais localizadas. Os basidiomas de Hirticlavula, Hyphodontiella e Mucronella ocorrem em madeira morta e, portanto, são normalmente encontrados em florestas. As espécies dos demais gêneros também podem ser encontradas em florestas, mas na Europa são mais típicas de pastagens antigas pobres em nutrientes.

Ecologia

Presume-se que as espécies lignícolas sejam saprófitas, fungos decompositores de madeira; as espécies de Ceratellopsis ocorrem em folhas mortas e lixo e também se presume que sejam saprófitas. Os demais membros da Clavariaceae são considerados biotróficos, alguns formando associações com plantas ericáceas.[12][13]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Chevallier FF. (1826). Flore Générale des Environs de Paris (em francês). 1. Paris, France: Ferra Jeune. p. 102 
  2. ↑ Fries, Elias (1829). Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit. University of Michigan. [S.l.]: Lundæ : Berlingiana 
  3. ↑ Donk MA. (1964). «A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales». Persoonia. 3 (2): 199–324 (see pp. 250–253) 
  4. ↑ a b Corner EJH. (1950). A Monograph of Clavaria and Allied Genera. Col: Annals of Botany Memoirs. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press 
  5. ↑ Corner EJH. (1970). Supplement to 'A Monograph of Clavaria and Allied Genera'. Col: Nova Hedwigia Beihefte. 33. Lehre, Germany: J. Cramer 
  6. ↑ Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ, Bougher NL, Hughes KW, Lodge DJ, Kerrigan RW, Seidl MT, Aanen DK, DeNitis M, Daniele GM, Desjardin DE, Kropp BR, Norvell LL, Parker A, Vellinga EC, Vilgalys R, Hibbett DS (2006). «Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview». Mycologia. 98 (6): 982–95. PMID 17486974. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982 
  7. ↑ Adamčík S, Looney BP, Birkebak JM, Jančovičová S, Adamčíková K, Marhold K, Matheny PB (2016). «Circumscription of species of Hodophilus (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) in North America with naphthalene odours». Botany. 94 (10): 941–956. doi:10.1139/cjb-2016-0091. hdl:1807/73893Acessível livremente 
  8. ↑ Birkebak JM, Adamčík S, Looney BP, Matheny PB (2016). «Multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales) reveals polyphyly of agaricoid members». Mycologia. 108 (5): 860–868. PMID 27549621. doi:10.3852/15-370 
  9. ↑ a b c Petersen JH, Davey ML, Læssøe T (2014). «Hirticlavula elegans, a new clavarioid fungus from Scandinavia». Karstenia. 54 (1): 1–8. doi:10.29203/ka.2014.459Acessível livremente 
  10. ↑ a b c Olariaga I, Huhtinen S, Læssøe T, Petersen JH, Hansen K (2020). «Phylogenetic origins and family classification of typhuloid fungi, with emphasis on Ceratellopsis, Macrotyphula and Typhula (Basidiomycota)». Stud. Mycol. 96: 155–184. PMC 7388190Acessível livremente. PMID 32774511. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.003 
  11. ↑ Larsson K-H. (2007). «Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi». Mycological Research. 111 (9): 1040–63. PMID 17981020. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.001 
  12. ↑ Birkebak JM, Mayor JR, Ryberg KM, Matheny PB (2013). «A systematic, morphological and ecological overview of the Clavariaceae (Agaricales)». Mycologia. 105 (4): 896–911. PMID 23396156. doi:10.3852/12-070 
  13. ↑ Englander L, Hull RJ (1980). «Reciprocal transfer of nutrients between ericaceous plants and a Clavaria sp». New Phytologist. 84 (4): 661–667. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04779.xAcessível livremente 

Ligações externas

Read other articles:

Hanji

Hanji. Hanji atau Kertas Korea (한지;韓紙) adalah kertas tradisional Korea yang telah digunakan sejak 1600 tahun yang lalu.[1][2] Orang Korea menggunakan hanji dalam berbagai perlengkapan sehari-hari dan keperluan rumah tangga mulai dari buku, dinding, jendela, lantai, sampai peti mati.[1] Dikatakan orang Korea memanfaatkan Hanji dari sejak lahir sampai mati.[1] Asal mula Kertas ditemukan oleh seorang kasim pada tahun 105 M (Dinasti Han) bernama Tsai Lun.&#...

 

Miyoshi Umeki

Miyoshi UmekiUmeki pada tahun 1957Suami/istriFrederick Winfield Opie (1958-?) Randall Hood (1968-1976) Miyoshi Umeki (ミヨシ・ウメキcode: ja is deprecated ), 8 Mei 1929 – 28 Agustus 2007) merupakan seorang aktris dan penyanyi Jepang yang memenangi Academy Award untuk Aktris Pendukung Terbaik. Terkenal dengan perannya sebagai Katsumi, istri dari Joe Kelly (Red Buttons) dalam film Sayonara (1957) dan sebagai Ibu Livingston, seorang pembantu rumah tangga dalam film seri T...

 

Tawas kalium

Tawas kalium, potasium alum, atau kalium aluminium sulfat adalah sebuah senyawa kimia: sulfat ganda dari kalium dan aluminium, dengan rumus kimia KAl(SO4)2. Umumnya dijumpai sebagai dodekahidrat, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. Ia mengkristal dalam struktur oktahedral dalam larutan netral dan struktur kubik dalam larutan alkali dengan grup ruang P a −3 dan parameter kisi 12,18 Å. [1] Senyawa ini merupakan anggota paling penting dari golongan senyawa umum yang disebut tawas, dan sering disebut de...

Aryono Miranat

Aryono MiranatInformasi pribadiKebangsaan IndonesiaLahir27 April 1964 (umur 59)Bandung, Jawa BaratPeganganKananGanda CampuranPeringkat tertinggi1 Aryono Miranat (lahir 27 April 1964) adalah pemain bulu tangkis Indonesia di era tahun 1990-an. Ia merupakan atlet hasil binaan PB Djarum Kudus. Aryono berpasangan dengan Eliza Nathanael meraih medali perunggu World Championship 1993. Setelah berhenti sebagai pemain nasional, Aryono kemudian berkarier menjadi pelatih di PB Djarum Kudus. Ia...

 

Fee tail

Entail redirects here. For other uses, see Entail (disambiguation). Form of trust in English common law Property law Part of the common law series Types Personal property Community property Real property Unowned property Acquisition Gift Adverse possession Deed Conquest Discovery Accession Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property Treasure trove Bailment License Alienation Estates in land Allodial title Fee simple Fee tail Life estate Defeasible estate Future interest remainder Concurrent estate ...

 

Liga 3 2017 – Zona Nusa Tenggara Barat

Liga 3 – Zona Nusa Tenggara BaratMusim2017← 2016 2018 → Liga 3 2017 – Zona Nusa Tenggara Barat adalah edisi ketiga dari Liga 3 di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat sebagai babak kualifikasi untuk kompetisi Liga 3 2017. Kompetisi dijadwalkan mulai pada tanggal 31 Juli 2017.[1] Tim Ada 12 tim yang akan berpartisipasi di liga pada musim ini. 5 tim berasal dari wilayah Sumbawa dan 7 tim dari wilayah Lombok.[1][2] Grup Lombok Loteng Raya F.C Daygun KLU (Kabupaten Lombok U...

Masjid Dian Al-Mahri

Masjid Dian Al-Mahriمسجد ديان المهريAgamaAfiliasiIslam – SunniProvinsi Jawa BaratLokasiLokasiDepokNegara IndonesiaArsitekturTipeMasjidGaya arsitekturPerpaduan antara arsitektur Arab, Persia, dan IndiaDidirikan2001SpesifikasiKapasitas20.000 Jemaah[1]Kubah5Menara6[2] Masjid Dian Al-Mahri[3] (bahasa Arab: مسجد ديان المهري) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Masjid Kubah Emas[4] (bahasa Arab: مسجد القبة الذهبية) a...

 

2019 UEFA Nations League Finals

Not to be confused with 2019 UEFA Nations League final, the final match of the Nations League. 2019 UEFA Nations League FinalsFase Final da Liga das Nações da UEFA de 2019 (in Portuguese)Tournament detailsHost countryPortugalDates5–9 JuneTeams4Venue(s)2 (in 2 host cities)Final positionsChampions Portugal (1st title)Runners-up NetherlandsThird place EnglandFourth place  SwitzerlandTournament statisticsMatches played4Goals scored9 (2.25 per match)Atte...

 

Otto Robert Frisch

Austrian-born British nuclear physicist Otto Robert FrischOBE FRSOtto Robert Frisch's wartime Los Alamos ID badge photoBorn(1904-10-01)1 October 1904Vienna, Austria-HungaryDied22 September 1979(1979-09-22) (aged 74)Cambridge, United KingdomNationalityAustrianCitizenshipAustriaUnited KingdomAlma materUniversity of ViennaKnown forAtomic bombAwardsFellow of the Royal Society[1]Scientific careerFieldsPhysics Signature Otto Robert Frisch OBE FRS[1] (1 October...

L'Habit

L'Habitcomune (dettagli) LocalizzazioneStato Francia Regione Normandia Dipartimento Eure ArrondissementÉvreux CantoneSaint-André-de-l'Eure TerritorioCoordinate48°52′N 1°22′E / 48.866667°N 1.366667°E48.866667; 1.366667 (L'Habit)Coordinate: 48°52′N 1°22′E / 48.866667°N 1.366667°E48.866667; 1.366667 (L'Habit) Superficie5,06 km² Abitanti556[1] (2009) Densità109,88 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale27220 Fuso o...

 

世界政區索引

此條目可能包含不适用或被曲解的引用资料，部分内容的准确性无法被证實。 (2023年1月5日)请协助校核其中的错误以改善这篇条目。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 各国相关 主題列表 索引 国内生产总值 石油储量 国防预算 武装部队（军事） 官方语言 人口統計 人口密度 生育率 出生率 死亡率 自杀率 谋杀率 失业率 储蓄率 识字率 出口额 进口额 煤产量 发电量 监禁率 死刑 国债 ...

 

30e méridien est

Cercle Arctique T. Cancer Équateur T. Capricorne Cercle AntarctiqueTracé du méridien de 30° est En géographie, le 30e méridien est est le méridien joignant les points de la surface de la Terre dont la longitude est égale à 30° est. Géographie Dimensions Comme tous les autres méridiens, la longueur du 30e méridien correspond à une demi-circonférence terrestre, soit 20 003,932 km. Au niveau de l'équateur, il est distant du méridien de Greenwich de 3 34...

Kitt Peak

Mountain in Arizona, United States Kitt PeakTelescopes on the topHighest pointElevation6,886 ft (2,099 m) NAVD 88[1]Prominence2,092 ft (638 m)[2]Coordinates31°57′54″N 111°35′57″W / 31.964919231°N 111.599279136°W / 31.964919231; -111.599279136[1]GeographyKitt Peak LocationTohono O'odham Nation Pima County, Arizona, U.S.Parent rangeQuinlan MountainsTopo mapUSGS Kitt PeakClimbingEasiest routeRoad Kitt ...

 

Basketball at the 1990 Asian Games – Men

Men at the 1990 Asian GamesVenueCapital Indoor StadiumDate23 September – 6 October 1990Nations11Medalists   China  Philippines  South Korea← 19861994 → Basketball at the1990 Asian Gamesmenwomenvte Main article: Basketball at the 1990 Asian Games The 1990 Men's Asian Games Basketball Tournament was held in China from September 23, 1990, to October 6, 1990. Results Preliminary round Group A Pos Team Pld W L PF PA PD Pts Qualification 1...

 

Alexander (1783 ship)

Transport ship of First Fleet For other ships with the same name, see Alexander (East Indiaman) and Alexander (ship). History Great Britain NameAlexander OwnerWalton & Company Port of registryHull BuilderWalton & Company, Hull[1] Launched1783, or 1784[1] FateLost c.1809 General characteristics Tons burthen44485⁄94,[1] 452, or 468[2] Length114 ft (35 m) Beam31 ft (9.4 m) Sail planShip rig; later barque Complement40 Armament 1799...

Hannibal Gisco

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Hannibal Barca, pemimpin Kartago pada Perang Punik II. Hannibal Gisco (bahasa Punik: 𐤇‬𐤍𐤁‬𐤏‬𐤋‬‬, ḥnbʿl;[1] c. 295–258 SM) adalah seorang panglima militer Kartago yang menangani armada laut dan darat pada Perang Punik I melawan Romawi. Upayanya mengalami kegagalan dan kekalahannya dalam pertempuran berujung pada penggulingan dan eksekusinya. Referensi Kutipan ^ Huss (1985), hlm. 565. Daftar pustaka Huss, W...

 

Gippsland

This article is about the rural region. For other uses, see Gippsland (disambiguation). Region in Victoria, AustraliaGippsland RegionVictoriaJohn Longstaff's Gippsland, Sunday night, 20 February 1898, depicting the Red Tuesday bushfires that ravaged GippslandGippsland RegionThe location of Bairnsdale, a town in GippslandCoordinates37°51′S 147°35′E / 37.850°S 147.583°E / -37.850; 147.583Population271,266 (2016 census)[Note 1] • Density6.52772...

 

Bow frog

End part of a stringed instrument's bow The frogs of a violin bow, viola bow and cello bow Close-up of frog of a violin bow (K. Gerhard Penzel) Frogs of the French and German double bass bows The bow frog is the end part of a stringed musical instrument's bow that encloses the mechanism responsible for tightening and holding the bow hair ribbon. Most of the bow frogs used in today's classical bows are made of ebony; some synthetic bows have frogs made with materials that imitate ebony, while ...

Pyramid Head

Fictional video game character Fictional character Pyramid HeadSilent Hill characterPyramid Head as he appears in Silent Hill 2First appearanceSilent Hill 2Designed byMasahiro ItoPortrayed byRoberto Campanella Pyramid Head, also known as Red Pyramid, Red Pyramid Thing (赤い三角頭, Akai Sankakutō),[1] or Triangle Head (三角頭, Sankaku Atama) is a character from the Silent Hill series, a survival horror video game series created by Japanese company Konami. Introduced in the 200...

 

Cecily Strong

Cecily StrongStrong tahun 2015LahirCecily Legler Strong[1]8 Februari 1984 (umur 40)Springfield, Illinois, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktris, komedianTahun aktif2012–sekarang Cecily Legler Strong (lahir 8 Februari 1984)[2][3] adalah seorang aktris dan komedian asal Amerika Serikat. Dia adalah anggota pemeran di serial komedi sketsa NBC Saturday Night Live dari 2012 hingga 2022.[4] Dia adalah pemeran wanita dengan masa jabatan terlama dalam sejarah acar...