Chapéu-panamá

Chapéus-panamá à venda em loja no Equador.
Um chapéu Panama.

Chapéu-panamá[1] (também grafado sem o hífen) é um chapéu que, apesar do nome, é fabricado no Equador (onde é chamado de El Fino), especialmente em Cuenca e Montecristi.

Possui cor clara e pode ter vários formatos. É fabricado com a palha da planta Carludovica palmata, conhecida como toquilla, encontrada no Equador e em países vizinhos, e tecida em trama fechada.

Já foi dito que recebeu este nome porque o presidente estadunidense Theodore Roosevelt usou-o durante uma visita ao canal do Panamá, em 1906.[2] Em razão disso, chapéu tornou-se moda, principalmente para homens, até a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Contudo, o Dicionário Oxford registra que esse termo é usado desde pelo menos 1834.

Inicialmente era um produto exclusivamente masculino. Ainda hoje o chapéu é utilizado no verão, tanto por homens como por mulheres. Por vezes simboliza o ambiente praieiro tropical.

Personalidades[3]

Muitas personalidades aderiram à moda do chapéu-panamá, como Winston Churchill, Kemal Atatürk, Harry Truman, Getúlio Vargas e Tom Jobim. Um dos pioneiros foi Santos Dumont, que já usava o seu em 1906.

A moda também se popularizou entre as estrelas de Hollywood, e galãs como Humphrey Bogart, Clark Gable e Michael Jackson usaram chapéus-panamá.

É um dos simbolos da Malandragem no Rio de Janeiro.

Bibliografia

  • Aguilar de Tamariz, María Leonor. Tejiendo la vida… 1988.
  • Buchet, Martine e Laziz Hamani. Panama: A Legendary Hat. 2004.
  • Domínguez, Miguel Ernesto. El sombrero de paja toquilla – historia y economía. 1991.
  • Miller, Tom. The Panama Hat Trail. 1986.
  • "Panama hat, n.". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2012-02-21. (subscription required)

Referências

  1. ↑ Dicionário Houaiss, verbete "panamá"
  2. ↑ História da Moda: Chapéu panamá, Manequim, acessado em 13 de janeiro de 2009
  3. ↑ Moda: Chapéus panamá não perdem o charme e a elegância (com histórico e descrição), Portal Terra, acessado em 13 de janeiro de 2009

Ligações externas

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