Cartograma

Cartograma mostrando as estimativas do grupo Open Europe da despesa em euros da União Europeia para o período 2007-2013 per capita, baseado nas estimativas populacionais do Eurostat para 2007 (Luxemburgo não exibido). Contribuintes
  -5000 a -1000 euro per capita
  -1000 a -500 euro per capita
  -500 a 0 euro per capita
Recipientes
  0 a 500 euro per capita
  500 a 1000 euro per capita
  1000 a 5000 euro per capita
  5000 a 10000 euro per capita
  10000 euro per capita ou mais
  n/a

Um cartograma é um mapa que mostra informação quantitativa mantendo um certo grau de precisão geográfica das unidades espaciais mapeadas.

Por exemplo, um cartograma da população ilustra proporcionalmente os países ou regiões tomando a área como indicador do número de habitantes, escalando-os de modo a representar essa variável; mantendo-se a forma relativa de cada zona, região ou país, tanto quanto possível, cria-se necessariamente distorção.

Um cartograma populacional distorcido para mostrar equivalência entre área e população é também referido como um mapa isodemográfico. Os tipos de cartogramas mais comuns são os de área e os de distância.

Cartogramas de área

Um cartograma de área é referido por vezes como um mapa de valor-por-área; as formas de cada polígono são mantidas tão próximas quanto possível do original, embora alguma distorção necessariamente ocorra. Outros sinónimos são mapa anamórfico e mapa de iguais densidades.[1][2]

Cartogramas de distância

Um cartograma de distância também pode ser chamado um cartograma de ponto central. A forma é tipicamente usada para mostrar os tempos de percurso relativos e as direções dos vértices numa rede.

Um dos primeiros cartógrafos a gerar cartogramas com ajuda de visualização computacional foi Waldo Tobler da UC Santa Barbara na década de 1960.

Bibliografia

  • Campbell, John. Map Use and Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
  • Gillard, Quentin. "Places in the News: The Use of Cartograms in Introductory Geography Courses." Journal of Geography. 78 (1979): 114-115.
  • Tobler, Waldo. "Thirty-Five Years of Computer Cartograms." Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 94 (2004): 58-73.
  • Vescovo, Victor. "The Atlas of World Statistics." Dallas: Caladan Press, 2005.

Ligações externas

O Commons possui uma categoria com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Cartograma

Referências

  1. ↑ Gallery of Data Visualization - Bright Ideas
  2. ↑ UNEP GRID Ardenal: Anamorphic Maps

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