İsmail Enver

Ismail Enver
İsmail Enver
Ismail Enver
Ministro de guerra
Período 4 de janeiro de 1914
13 de outubro de 1918
primeiro ministro Said Halim Paxá
Antecessor(a) Ahmed Izzet Pasha
Sucessor(a) Ahmed Izzet Pasha
Dados pessoais
Nascimento 22 de novembro de 1881
Constantinopla,Vilaiete de Istambul,Império Otomano
Morte 4 de agosto de 1922 (40 anos)
República Popular Soviética de Bucara
Nacionalidade Império Otomano Otomano
Cônjuge Naciye Sultan
Filhos(as) Mahpeyker Hanımsultan
Türkan Hanımsultan
Sultanzade Ali Bey
Partido Comitê para a União e o Progresso
Assinatura Assinatura de İsmail Enver
Serviço militar
Lealdade Império Otomano Império Otomano
Serviço/ramo Exército Otomano
Anos de serviço 1903-1918

İsmail Enver (em turco otomano: اسماعيل انور), conhecido pelos europeus como Enver Paxá (em turco: Enver Paşa) ou Enver Bey (Constantinopla, 22 de novembro de 1881 - Tajiquistão, 4 de agosto de 1922) foi um oficial militar e político turco, um dos líderes da revolução organizada pelos chamados Jovens Turcos. Liderou o exército do Império Otomano na Guerra dos Bálcãs e na Primeira Guerra Mundial. Graças às suas contribuições à revolução, ele recebeu o apelido de Hürriyet Kahramanı ("Herói da Liberdade").[1]

Enver Bey nasceu numa próspera família em Constantinopla. Estudou em diferentes graus das escolas militares do Império até ser formado na Academia Militar Harp, em 1903. Foi promovido a Caide em 1906, e depois mandado para Thessalonica, base do 3.º Exército. Durante seu serviço na cidade, virou membro do Comitê da União e Progresso. Ele fez importantes contribuições para a instituição da Constituição Otomana. Foi a segunda tentativa depois da primeira constituição ter sido abolida pelo califa Abdul Hamid II em 1878. Foi enviado a Berlim, como diplomata; lá estudou a doutrina militar prussiana e levou essa influência para o exército otomano.[1]

Durante a I Guerra Mundial Enver Pasha foi comandante supremo das forças armadas otomanas, era ambicioso e sonhava em reconquistar a Ásia central e áreas que haviam perdido para a Rússia anteriormente. Ele era, no entanto, um comandante medíocre.[2] Ele lançou uma ofensiva contra os russos no Cáucaso, em dezembro de 1914, com cem mil soldados, insistindo em um ataque frontal contra as posições russas montanhosas no inverno. Ele perdeu 86% de sua força na Batalha de Sarikamish.[3]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b "First World War.com - Who's Who: Enver Pasha". Página acessada em 28 de janeiro de 2016.
  2. ↑ Fromkin 2004, p. 119.
  3. ↑ Hinterhoff 1984, pp. 499–503

Bibliografia

  • Fromkin, David (2004), Europe's Last Summer: Who Started the Great War in 1914?, ISBN 0-375-41156-9, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, OCLC 53937943 
  • Hinterhoff, Eugene (1984), Young, Peter, ed., «The Campaign in Armenia», ISBN 0-86307-181-3, New York: Marshall Cavendish, Marshall Cavendish Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I, ii 

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