Wyżyna Kolumbii

Wyżyna Kolumbii (oznaczona kolorem zielonym)

Wyżyna Kolumbii (ang. Columbia Plateau) – wyżyna na północnym zachodzie Stanów Zjednoczonych, zajmuje powierzchnię około 167 tys. km²[1].

Ludność na wyżynie zajmuje się uprawą zbóż, buraków cukrowych i owoców oraz wydobyciem rud cynku i ołowiu[2].

Położenie

Obejmuje południową część stanu Waszyngton, północną i wschodnią część stanu Oregon[3], wschodnie fragmenty Idaho oraz północną część Nevady[4]. W obrębie wyżyny znajdują się dorzecza rzek Kolorado, Snake i Salmon. Największym ośrodkiem miejskim jest Yakima. Najwyższym punktem jest szczyt Sacajawea Peak o wysokości 2999 m n.p.m., położony w Górach Wallowa[1]. Średnia wysokość Wyżyny Kolumbii to 1050 m.

Geologia

Struktury bazaltowe

Wyżyna pod względem geologicznym jest to stosunkowo młodym tworem, gdyż powstała w okresie od 16,7 do 5,5 mln lat temu[4]. Zbudowana jest ze skał bazaltowych, które powstały w wyniku erupcji w co najmniej 350 miejscach[4]. Większość (93%) objętości skał bazaltowych pochodzi z okresu przedziału czasowego około 1,1 miliona lat (16,7 do 15,6 mln lat temu). Wpływy w tym okresie były bardzo obfite, często przekraczające 1000 km³[4]. W wielu miejscach, szczególnie wzdłuż uskoków oraz wzdłuż rzek można spotkać charakterystyczne kolumny bazaltowe, o średnicy od 0,5 do 3 m powstałe w wyniku ochłodzenia gorącej lawy, których regularność jest tym większa im znajdują się dalej od innych skał[5]. Roślinność pustynna i półpustynna[2].

Przypisy

  1. ↑ a b Columbia Plateau. Peakbagger.com. [dostęp 2016-02-16]. (ang.).
  2. ↑ a b Wyżyna Kolumbii, [w:] Encyklopedia PWN [online], Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN [dostęp 2021-04-04].
  3. ↑ The Geography of Oregon. [dostęp 2016-02-16]. (ang.).
  4. ↑ a b c d Columbia River Basalt Group Stretches from Oregon to Idaho. U.S. Geological Survey. [dostęp 2016-02-16]. (ang.).
  5. ↑ Słupy bazaltowe. Geopark Krajowy Góra Św. Anny. [dostęp 2016-02-16].

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