Pierwiastki chemiczne według twardości
L. at. |
Symbol |
Nazwa |
Twardość w skali Mohsa |
Twardość w skali Vickersa (GPa) |
Twardość w skali Brinella (GPa)
|
3 |
Li |
lit
|
0,6 |
|
|
4 |
Be |
beryl
|
5,5 |
1,67 |
0,6
|
5 |
B |
bor
|
9,5 |
49 |
|
6 |
C |
węgiel (grafit)
|
1,5 |
|
|
6 |
C |
węgiel (diament)
|
10,0 |
|
|
11 |
Na |
sód
|
0,5 |
|
0,00069
|
12 |
Mg |
magnez
|
2,5 |
|
0,26
|
13 |
Al |
glin
|
3 |
0,167 |
0,245
|
14 |
Si |
krzem
|
6,5 |
|
|
16 |
S |
siarka
|
2,0 |
|
|
19 |
K |
potas
|
0,4 |
|
0,000363
|
20 |
Ca |
wapń
|
1,5 |
|
0,167
|
21 |
Sc |
skand
|
|
|
0,75
|
22 |
Ti |
tytan
|
6,0 |
0,97 |
0,716
|
23 |
V |
wanad
|
7,0 |
0,628 |
0,628
|
24 |
Cr |
chrom
|
8,5 |
1,06 |
1,120
|
25 |
Mn |
mangan
|
6,0 |
|
0,196
|
26 |
Fe |
żelazo
|
4,0 |
0,608 |
0,49
|
27 |
Co |
kobalt
|
5,0 |
1,043 |
0,7
|
28 |
Ni |
nikiel
|
4,0 |
0,638 |
0,7
|
29 |
Cu |
miedź
|
3,0 |
0,369 |
0,874
|
30 |
Zn |
cynk
|
2,5 |
|
0,412
|
31 |
Ga |
gal
|
1,5 |
|
0,06
|
32 |
Ge |
german
|
6,0 |
|
|
33 |
As |
arsen
|
3,5 |
|
|
34 |
Se |
selen
|
2,0 |
|
0,736
|
37 |
Rb |
rubid
|
0,3 |
|
0,000216
|
38 |
Sr |
stront
|
1,5 |
|
|
39 |
Y |
itr
|
|
|
0,589
|
40 |
Zr |
cyrkon
|
5,0 |
0,903 |
0,650
|
41 |
Nb |
niob
|
6,0 |
1,32 |
0,736
|
42 |
Mo |
molibden
|
5,5 |
1,53 |
1,5
|
44 |
Ru |
ruten
|
6,5 |
|
2,16
|
45 |
Rh |
rod
|
6,0 |
1,246 |
1,1
|
46 |
Pd |
pallad
|
5,0 |
0,461 |
0,0373
|
47 |
Ag |
srebro
|
2,5 |
0,251 |
0,0245
|
48 |
Cd |
kadm
|
2,0 |
|
0,203
|
49 |
In |
ind
|
1,0 |
|
0,00883
|
50 |
Sn |
cyna
|
1,5 |
|
0,0051
|
51 |
Sb |
antymon
|
3,0 |
|
0,294
|
52 |
Te |
tellur
|
2,0 |
|
0,018
|
55 |
Cs |
cez
|
0,2 |
|
0,00014
|
56 |
Ba |
bar
|
1,0 |
|
|
57 |
La |
lantan
|
2,5 |
0,491 |
0,363
|
58 |
Ce |
cer
|
2,5 |
0,27 |
0,412
|
59 |
Pr |
prazeodym
|
|
0,4 |
0,481
|
60 |
Nd |
neodym
|
|
0,343 |
0,265
|
62 |
Sm |
samar
|
|
0,412 |
0,441
|
63 |
Eu |
europ
|
|
0,167 |
|
64 |
Gd |
gadolin
|
|
0,57 |
|
65 |
Tb |
terb
|
|
0,863 |
0,677
|
66 |
Dy |
dysproz
|
|
0,54 |
0,500
|
67 |
Ho |
holm
|
|
0,481 |
0,746
|
68 |
Er |
erb
|
|
0,589 |
0,814
|
69 |
Tm |
tul
|
|
0,52 |
0,471
|
70 |
Yb |
iterb
|
|
0,206 |
0,343
|
71 |
Lu |
lutet
|
|
1,16 |
0,893
|
72 |
Hf |
hafn
|
5,5 |
1,76 |
1,7
|
73 |
Ta |
tantal
|
6,5 |
0,873 |
0,8
|
74 |
W |
wolfram
|
7,5 |
3,43 |
2,57
|
75 |
Re |
ren
|
7,0 |
2,45 |
1,32
|
76 |
Os |
osm
|
7,0 |
|
3,92
|
77 |
Ir |
iryd
|
6,5 |
1,76 |
1,67
|
78 |
Pt |
platyna
|
3,5 |
0,549 |
0,392
|
79 |
Au |
złoto
|
2,5 |
0,216 |
0,245
|
81 |
Tl |
tal
|
1,0 |
|
0,0264
|
82 |
Pb |
ołów
|
1,5 |
|
0,0383
|
83 |
Bi |
bizmut
|
2,5 |
|
0,0942
|
90 |
Th |
tor
|
3,0 |
0,35 |
0,4
|
92 |
U |
uran
|
6,0 |
1,96 |
2,4
|
Bibliografia
- G.V. Samsonov (Ed.) in Handbook of the physicochemical properties of the elements, IFI-Plenum, New York, USA, 1968.
|
|