Oktiabryści

„Manifestacja 17 października” – obraz Ilji Riepina.
Oficjalny tekst manifestu październikowego

Oktiabryści, właśc. Związek 17 Października (ros. Союзъ 17 Oктября[1], [czyt. Sojuz 17 oktiabria]), potocznie październikowcy (ros. Октябристы) – centroprawicowa rosyjska partia polityczna (prawicowi liberałowie), której podstawą ideową był manifest z 30 października 1905 (17 października według kalendarza juliańskiego).

Założona została w październiku 1905. Związek 17 Października skupiał ziemian i wielkich przemysłowców. Październikowcy byli zwolennikami monarchii konstytucyjnej, głosili nacjonalizm rosyjski, a od 1909 wielkomocarstwowy szowinizm. Odgrywali dużą rolę w Dumach Państwowych (szczególnie III i IV Dumie[2]). W połowie 1917 zaprzestali samodzielnej działalności, udzielali poparcia kadetom. Przewodniczącym partii był Aleksandr Guczkow. Do znaczących oktiabrystów należeli: Michaił Rodzianko, Nikołaj Chomiakow, Peter Carl Fabergé i inni. Organy prasowe: Słowo (1905–1954), Głos Moskwy (1906–1915).

Przypisy

  1. ↑ zapis zgodny z pisownia przed reformą ortografii w 1918 roku
  2. ↑ Przewodniczący III i IV Dumy wywodzili się z partii oktiabrystów

Bibliografia

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