Hylozoizm

Hylozoizm (gr. ὕλη hyle „materia” i ζωή zoē „życie”) – koncepcja filozoficzna ożywionej materii[1]; pogląd, według którego zasada ruchu jest jej immanentna[2].

Powstał na tle przekonań przedfilozoficznych typowych dla animizmu. Został sformułowany przez Talesa z Miletu w twierdzeniu: „wszystko jest ożywione, jak to widać w bursztynie i magnesie”[3]. Do hylozoistów należeli m.in. także pozostali (prócz Talesa z Miletu) tzw. filozofowie jońscy, czyli Anaksymenes i Anaksymander, ponadto Heraklit, Leukippos czy Demokryt[4][5].

Hylozoizmowi ostro przeciwstawili się np. pitagorejczycy, Empedokles czy Anaksagoras. Do koncepcji hylozoistycznej powracali w filozofii hellenistycznej, np. epikurejczycy czy stoicy oraz Giordano Bruno, Bernardino Telesio, a współcześnie – Pierre Teilhard de Chardin[2][4].

Przypisy

  1. ↑ hylozoizm, [w:] Encyklopedia PWN [online], Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN [dostęp 2024-10-28].
  2. ↑ a b Hilary McGlynn (red.), Wielka Encyklopedia Oxford, t. 8, Oxford Educational, 2008, s. 7–10, ISBN 978-83-252-0187-6 (pol.).
  3. ↑ Tales [online], Wykłady.org [dostęp 2021-06-02] (pol.).
  4. ↑ a b hylozoism, [w:] F.L. Cross, E.A. Livingstone (red.), Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, wyd. 3, Oxford University Press, 2009, DOI: 10.1093/acref/9780192802903.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-956671-6 [dostęp 2021-06-02] (ang.).
  5. ↑ hylozoism, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2021-06-02] (ang.).
Ontologia
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istota
transcendencja
inne
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inne pojęcia
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