Romersk legionær

Romersk legionær, 2. århundre.
Romersk legionær, slutten av det 3. århundre.

En romersk legionær, kalt miles («soldat») eller legionarius på latin, var (vanligvis) en romersk borger under 45 år. Soldaten ble innrullert i en legion for 25 års tjeneste, en forandring fra tidligere praksis med å innrulle bare for den tiden en kampanje pågikk. De siste fem årene var på lettere tjeneste som veteran.

På marsj i fiendtlig territorium ble legionæren utrustet med mellom tre og fjorten dagers rasjoner, rustning (lorica segmentata) og skjold (scutum), hjelm, gladius (kort sverd), dolk (pugio), et vannskinn og noen verktøy. Alle legionærer hadde også spyd, enten en hasta (vanlig spyd) eller to pila (kastespyd), avhengig av periode og/eller posisjon i legionen.

Den romerske soldat gjennomgikk hard trening. Disiplin var grunnlaget for hærens suksess og soldatene ble kontinuerlig trent i våpenbruk og drill av formasjoner, raske marsjer med full utrustning og i tett formasjon var vanlige. Avvik fra reglene ble hardt straffet av centurionene.

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