قانون عام (مفهوم)

القانون العام (بالإنجليزية: Public law)‏ هو مجموعة من القواعد القانونية التي تنظم العلاقات التي تكون الدولة طرفاً فيها بصفتها صاحبة السلطان والسيادة، وبذلك فهو يحكم العلاقات بين الأفراد والدولة بصفتها صاحبة السيادة والعلاقات بين الدول والمنظمات العالمية وجميع العلاقات التي تهم المجتمع الدولي. ويشمل القانون الدستوري والقانون الإداري والقانون الضريبي والقانون الجنائي[1] بالإضافة إلى جميع القوانين الإجرائية. تسود القواعد الإلزامية في القانون العام. القوانين المتعلقة بالعلاقات بين الأفراد تنتمي إلى القانون الخاص.

العلاقات التي يحكمها القانون العام غير متكافئة - يمكن للهيئات الحكومية (المركزية أو المحلية) اتخاذ قرارات بشأن حقوق الأفراد. ومع ذلك ، ونتيجة لعقيدة سيادة القانون، لا يجوز للسلطات التصرف إلا بموجب القانون (secundum et intra legem). يجب على الحكومة الامتثال للقانون. على سبيل المثال، يمكن للمواطن غير راض عن قرار سلطة إدارية أن يطلب من المحكمة مراجعة قضائية.

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ملاحظات

  1. ^ Elizabeth A. Martin (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Law (ط. 7th). Oxford University Press. ISBN:0198607563.

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