Benmargskreft

Benmargskreft, eller myelomatose, er kreft i benmargen, som er kroppens bloddannende organ.[1] Der produseres det røde blodlegemer (blodprosent), hvite blodlegemer (immunforsvar) og blodplater (blodlevring). I tillegg finnes det andre blodceller i benmargen.

Benmargen finnes vesentlig inne i store knokler som brystbeinet, kragebein, ribbein, ryggraden, bekkenet og de lange knoklene i armer og lår.

Benmargskreft preges av opphopning av en type celler – plasmaceller i benmargen. De syke plasmacellene (kreftcellene) kan også påvirke beinsubstansen i skjelettet.

Symptomer på benmargskreft

  • smerter i rygg eller andre steder i skjelettet
  • brudd som oppstår uten åpenbar forklaring
  • gjentatte infeksjoner, fordi immunforsvaret er svekket
  • tretthet (lav blodprosent) fordi dannelsen av røde blodlegemer er svekket
  • generell sykdomsfølelse
  • høyt nivå av kalk (kalsium) i blodet, som følge av at kalk lekker fra beinsubstans som er påvirket av kreftceller

Forekomst

Benmargskreft forekommer hyppigst etter fylte 55 år. Hvert år oppdages rundt 450 nye tilfeller av denne sykdommen i Norge.

Behandling

Mål for behandling av benmargskreft vil i de fleste tilfeller være å lindre symptomer og å drive sykdommen tilbake. Således anses benmargskreft som en kronisk sykdom man ikke blir frisk av, men som man kan leve med. Vanligvis er det hensiktsmessig å starte behandling først når sykdommen gir plager og symptomer. Ved St. Olavs hospital i Trondheim har professor Anders Waage og Øyvind Hjertner påvist at det forbudte stoffet Thalidomid kunne være effektivt hos opptil 30 % av pasienter med tilbakefall etter myelomatise, en form for benmargskreft.[2]

Referanser

  1. ^ «Benmargskreft - Kreftforeningen». kreftforeningen.no. Besøkt 17. februar 2016. 
  2. ^ «Thalidomid bedrer overlevelse ved myelomatose» (PDF). Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening. 22.9.2011. 

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