Arctic Coal Company

Fra gruvedriften i 1908. D/S «William D. Munroe» var eid av Arctic Coal Co.
Foto: Anders Beer Wilse, Nasjonalbibliotekets bildesamling
Arctic Coal Co. Advent Bay, 1908
Foto: Anders Beer Wilse, Nasjonalbibliotekets bildesamling

Arctic Coal Company var et amerikanskeid gruveselskap som drev gruvedrift i Longyearbyen på Svalbard. En av stifterne og hovedmennene bak selskapet var John Munroe Longyear, som Longyearbyen er oppkalt etter.

Arctic Coal Company ble stiftet i oktober 1904 etter at selskapet hadde inngått avtale om å kjøpe de annekterte områdene til Trondhjem-Spitsbergen Kullkompani.[1]

Etter fem års drift hadde Arctic Coal Company brukt 1,5 millioner kroner, uten at produksjonen og lønnsomheten hadde nådd et tilfredsstillende nivå. Gruveselskapet var utsatt for tekniske problemer, lave kullpriser, arbeidskonflikter og stridigheter med norske myndigheter i forbindelse med skipskontroll, eiendomsskatten på selskapets eiendommer på fastlandet og striden om telegrafforbindelse. Norske telegrafmyndigheter nektet Arctic Coal Company å sette opp en lenkestasjon i Finnmark som ville opprette telegrafforbindelse mellom gruvesamfunnet og USA. I stedet satte Telegrafverket opp en egen stasjon like etterpå på Finneset i Grønfjorden i 1911.[2]

Sommeren 1913 hadde årsproduksjonen kommet opp i 30 000 tonn og anlegget var fullverdig utbygd. I tillegg var Gruve 2 i ferd med å åpnes. Men gruvedriften gikk med store tap og det var ikke utsikter til overskudd innen kort tid. Gruvesjef Scott Turner hadde startet sonderinger med tanke på å få solgt hele anlegget med tilhørende annekterte eiendommer. I mellomtiden ble kun det aller nødvendigste innkjøpt og alle andre nyinvesteringer stanset. Oppfaring av nye gruver ble stanset til fordel for produksjonsdrift.

Første verdenskrig brøt ut i august 1914 og bankene stanset kreditten til Arctic Coal Company, som allerede var økonomisk hardt presset. I tillegg ble det vanskeligere å få tak i reservedeler og matprisene steg. The Arctic Coal Company reduserte vinterstyrken til 120 mann og alle eiendommer på det norske fastlandet ble solgt eller overdratt til stråselskaper. I september 1915 ble gruvedriften avviklet og kun en vaktstyrke på tre mann ble igjen. Alle andre ansatte ble oppsagt, med unntak av kontorsjefen i Tromsø.[3]

I løpet av de ni årene The Arctic Coal Company hadde virksomhet på Svalbard ble det utvinnet 200 000 tonn kull og investert nærmere 3,5 millioner norske kroner i anleggene. På det meste overvinteret 200-300 mann og i sommersesongen ble arbeidsstyrken nær doblet.[3]

I 1916 ble selskapet solgt til Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani.

Arkivet til Arctic Coal Company utgjør til sammen 19 hyllemeter og blir oppbevart ved Statsarkivet i Tromsø

Referanser

  1. ^ Thor B. Arlov (2003). Svalbards historie (2. utgave utg.). Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag. s. 257. ISBN 82-519-1851-0. 
  2. ^ Thor B. Arlov (2003). Svalbards historie (2. utgave utg.). Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag. s. 259. ISBN 82-519-1851-0. 
  3. ^ a b Thor B. Arlov (2003). Svalbards historie (2. utgave utg.). Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag. s. 262. ISBN 82-519-1851-0. 

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