Antoine Thomas

Antoine Thomas
Født25. jan. 1644[1]Rediger på Wikidata
Namur
Død29. juni 1709Rediger på Wikidata (65 år)
Beijing
BeskjeftigelseLingvist, astronom, matematiker, katolsk prest Rediger på Wikidata
Kjent forKangxi Atlas
Synopsis mathematica, 1685

Antoine Thomas, kinesisk: Andno Pingzhe, (født 25. januar 1644 i Namur i det som i dag er Belgia, død 28. juli 1709 i Beijing i Kina) var en fremtredende belgisk jesuitt, kinamisjonær, matematiker, astronom og kartograf.

Liv og virke

Han trådte inn i jesuittordenen den 8. september 1660, og ble sendt til å undervise i Armentières, Huy og Tournai. Han ervervet seg også grundige matematiske kunnskaper.

Til Det fjerne østen

I april 1680 ble han sendt til Det fjerne østen. I september var han ankommet Goa, og derfra skulle veien egentlig gå til Japan. Han kom bare til Macao, i 1682, akkurat tidsnok til å kunne observere en solformørkelse (1683). Men Japan var, veste det seg, blitt stengt for alle utlendinger.

Dermed begav han seg i stedet til Siam, der han omvendte Constantin Phaulkon, den greske husmester til kongen, til den katolske kirke.

I Kina

I 1685 kom han til Macao. Der fikk han sin avsluttende forberedelse på sitt virke i Kina ved jesuittenes universitetskollegium São Paulo.[2] Derfra fortsatte han til Kanton i Kina.

Derfra ble han kalt til keiserhoffet i Beijing, dit han så ankom i november 1686. Til å begynne med var han medarbeider og sekretær for sin medbror og landsmann pater Ferdinand Verbiest S.J. (1623–1688), som var president for det keiserlige astronomiske byrå. Rett etter ble han visepresident for samme embede, og da Verbiest døde i 1688 ble han selv (uoffisiell) leder for dette embede. Det forble han, sammen med p. Thomas Pereyra, til de ble avløst av jesuittpateren Claudio Filippo Grimaldi (1638–1712) overtok embedet i 1694.

I 1699 organiserte pater Thomas på oppdrag av Kangxi-keiseren reparasjons- og nødhjelpsarbeidet etter en oversvømmelseskatastrofe rundt Den gule flod.

Fra 1701 til 1704 var pater Thomas viseprovinsial for jesuittene. I 1702 beregnet han lengden av én grad. Sammen med jesuittene Joachim Bouvet, Jean-Baptiste Régis og Dominique Parrenin gjennomførte han som del av et keiserlig kartografioppdrag en oppmåling av Beijing-distriktet.

Thomas fremmet den franske Kinamisjon, gikk inn for en kinesisk liturgi på elevert kinesisk, og var kinesisk mandarin.

Han ble gravlagt på jesuittenes gravsted Zhalan i Beijing.

Se også

Referanser

  1. ^ www.jesuites.be[Hentet fra Wikidata]
  2. ^ Huang Qichen: «The First University in Macau: The Colégio de São Paulo», i John W. Witek (red.): Religion and Culture: An International Symposium Commemorating The Fourth Centenary of the University College of St. Paul – Macau, 28 November to 1 December 1994, Macau: Instituto Cultural de Macau, 1999, s. 257-260

Verker

  • Indicae expeditiones Societatis Jesu a calumniis vindicatae, 1684
  • Synopsis mathematica, complexens varios tractatus quos hujus scientiae tironibus et Missionis sinicae candidatis breviter clare concinnavit, 1685
  • Libellus rationum, 1684
  • Observation de l'éclipse de lune du 29 octobre 1678 à Coimbre, i: Journal des Savants, 1679, 56
  • Observations faites aux Indes et à la Chine, n: Thomas Gouye, Observations physiques..., 120-196
  • Observations envoyées de Nankin, le 7 oct. 1686, i: Gouye, 197 ff. og i: Recueil de l'Académie des Sciences VII, 695;
  • La comète apparue aux Indes en 1681, 1685 (?)
  • De Seminario ad usum Vice-Provinciae Sinensis exstruendo, 12 septembre 1686, i: François Bontinck, La lutte autour de la liturgie chinoise aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, 1962, 505-509
  • Carta del P. Antonio Thomas, acerca de la muerte del Padre Fernando Verbiest, i: Echaburu y Alcaray, Historia de una gran Senora Christiana, 1691, 216-246 og i: Stöcklein, Welt-Bott I, 2, 1725, Nr. 38, også som: Elogium Reverendi Patris Ferdinandi Verbiest, 1700
  • Mémoire, 15 août 1695, i: Bontinck, l.c., 514
  • Epistola P. Antonii Thomae ad P. J.B. Maldonado, 10. 6. 1695, i: Analectes pour servir à l'histoire ecclesiastique de la Belgique 36, 1910, 233 f.
  • Ex literis P. Antonii Thomae, 12. 11. 1695, i: G.G. Leibniz, Novissima Sinica, 1699, 158-163
  • Epistola..., 20. 12. 1696, 1696
  • Epistola..., 4. 8. 1700
  • Bittschrift der PP. Philipp Grimaldi, Thomas Pereira, Anton Thomas und Franz Gerbillon an den Kaiser..., 30. Windemonat 1700, i: F. Noël, Chinesische Weltweisheit..., 175, Georg Pray, Geschichte der Streitigkeiten über die chinesischen Gebräuche..., II, 1791, 37-39
  • Lettre au Cardinal de Tournon, Pékin, 20. 4. 1707, i: L'Etat présent de l'eglise de la Chine, 1709, 183-280
  • Diverse brev i: Henri Bosmans, Ferdinand Verbiest, directeur de l'Observatoire de Pékin, 1912, 141-144; Epistola data Pekini, 12. 11. 1692, in: Novissima Sinica..., 1697, 158-163; Brev til Tyrso Gonzalez, 1704, in: Welt-Bott, 1729, Nr. 507; Lettre circulaire des Jésuites de Pékin aux supérieurs...., 28. 12. 1706, i: Anecdotes de l'état de la Religion dans la Chine, II, 1733, 169-174; Lettre, 30. 12. 1706, i: Francesco González de San Pedro, Relation abrégée de la nouvelle persécution de la Chine..., 1713, 90-94
  • Medunderskriver av Brevis Relatio eorum quae spectant ad declarationem Sinarum Imperatoris Kam Hi circa caeli Confucii et avorum cultum, datam 1700...., 1701 (xylografi), 1703.

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