Absolutisme

Absolutisme har to vidt forskjellige betydninger i henholdsvis filosofi og politisk teori.

Innen filosofi betyr absolutisme at det finnes et moralsk kriterium som gjelder for alle mennesker til alle tider. Det finnes faste universelle standarder. Det vil si at det finnes en eneste moralsk standard. Eksempler på filosofisk absolutisme er utilitarisme og kantianisme.

Innen statsvitenskap, statsrett og historie er absolutisme et synonym for enevelde. Betydningen stammer her fra det latinske uttrykket legibus solutus, fri fra loven, dvs. hevet over loven. Absolutisme er en styreform der all suverenitet er samlet i én person (oftest en monark). Absolutisme er i europeisk historie særlig knyttet til 1600- og 1700-tallet, da dette var en dominerende styresett. Innen statsrettslig teori var det særlig Jean Bodin og Thomas Hobbes som er kjent for å ha begrunnet hvorfor de mente enevelde var den best egnede styresett. Etter den franske revolusjon har enevelde som styreform vært i tilbakegang, og i dag er Vatikanstaten i Europa som de jure har absolutisme som styreform. Andre land som er eneveldige er Saudi-Arabia, Brunei, Oman, Qatar og Swaziland[trenger referanse].

Norge hadde absolutistisk styreform fra 1660 til 1814.

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