Sjaman

Ein tuvinsk sjaman under ein seremoni i Tyva i Russland.
Yupik-sjaman med gut han skal lega. Teke i Alaska rundt 1890-åra

Ein sjaman er ein person som er rekna for å ha særskilt kontakt med åndeverda innan sjamanistiske trussystem. Sjamanen kan også kallast åndemanar, medisinmann eller prest. Nemninga, som opphavleg tyder 'den som veit' på det sibirske språket evenkisk, blei opphavleg brukt om sjamanar frå Nord- og Sentral-Asia, men ein finn folk med liknande oppgåver over heile verda, særleg blant urfolk. Den gamle samiske sjamanen blei kalla noaide. Volva i norrøn tru kan også reknast som sjaman.

Sjamanar er særskilde menneske som kan få kontakt med eller makt over åndene som påverkar menneske, i følgje mange kulturar. Dei blir av nokre antropologar og religionsforskarar skildra som mellommenn og reisande mellom den naturlege og den andelege verda. Dei oppnår gjerne dette gjennom å gå inn i ein transe ved hjelp av messing, dansing eller tromming. Makta si kan dei bruka til å lega sjuke, auka jaktlukke eller forutsjå eller styra vêret.

Andre antropologar har kritisert omgrepa «sjaman» og «sjamanisme» fordi dei meiner at det plasserer lækjarar frå svært ulike kulturar i ein felleskategori, og skapar eit feil bilete av ein felles, opphavleg naturreligion.

Kjelder

«Sjaman» i Nynorskordboka.

Bakgrunnsstoff

Commons har multimedium som gjeld: Sjaman

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