Metropolitt

Makarius II, metropolitt av Moskva. I den russisk-ortodokse kyrkja ber ein metropolitt ein kvit klobuk.

Metropolitt (av gresk – metropolis – «mor av byer, metropol») – er ein kyrkjeleg tittel i det øvste bispesetet i eit område eller i ein provins i den ortodokse eller katolske kyrkja. Tittelen oppstod på grunn av at nokre biskopar (i store byar eller metropolar) hadde biskopar under seg som var avhengige av dei. I mellomalderen oppstod det debattar omkring rettane og privilegia til metropolittane.

Den russisk-ortodokse kyrkja

Ein metropolitt i den russisk-ortodokse kyrkja har høgare rang enn ein erkebiskop, men lågare rang enn ein patriark.

Før 1300-talet var Russland frå kyrkjeleg omsyn ein samla metropoli under patriarken i Konstantinopel si domsmakt. Metropolitten hadde residens i Kiev, Vladimir (frå 1299) og Moskva (frå 1325). Etter at autokefalia vart oppretta i 1448 kunne metropolitten for heile Russland veljast utan patriarken av Konstantinopel. I 1458 vart den russiske metropolien til slutt delt i to, eitt i Kiev og eitt i Moskva. Med opprettinga av patriarkalsk styre i 1589 blei metropolitten av Moskva til patriark, medan metropolitt-tittelen vart gjeve til biskopar av Novgorod, Kazan, Rostov og Krutitsy. Under Peter den store fekk ikkje biskopane metropolitt-tittel. Under Elisabeth av Russland hadde biskopar av eparkia i Kiev, Moskva og St. Petersburg metropolitt-titlar.

No er metropolittar leiarar i sjølvstendige kyrkjer som høyrer til den russisk-ortodokse kyrkja (den ukrainsk-ortodokse kyrkja, den kviterussisk-ortodokse kyrkja, den ortodokse kyrkja i Moldova, den japanske autonome kyrkja). Biskopar i eparkia har også metropolitt-tittlar, som metropolitten av St. Petersburg og Ladoga, metropolitten av Krutitsy og Kolomna og metropolitten av Smolensk og Kaliningrad.

Kjelder

Metropolitt på yandex.ru[daud lenkje]

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