Tetrathionaat

Algemene structuurformule van het tetrathionaat-ion.

Tetrathionaten vormen een klasse van ionaire zwavelverbindingen. Het bezit een tweewaardig negatieve lading. De brutoformule is S4O62−. Thiosulfaten kunnen beschouwd worden als de gereduceerde vorm van tetrathiozwavelzuur.

Het bepalen van de oxidatietoestand van zwavel in tetrathionaat is niet zo eenvoudig: men bekomt in eerste instantie 2,5. Dit is een niet-geheel getal omdat het een gemiddelde waarde is. In feite bezitten niet alle zwavelatomen dezelfde oxidatietoestand: 2 van hen bezitten oxidatietoestand 0, de andere twee oxidatietoestand +V. De reden hiervoor is dat het tetrathionaat-ion eigenlijk kan gezien worden als een adduct van het disulfide (S22−) en zwaveltrioxide (SO3).

Tetrathionaten worden onder andere gevormd bij de in de analytische chemie belangrijke redoxreactie tussen di-jood en een thiosulfaat. Daarnaast is bijna elke oxidator in staat thiosulfaat te oxideren vanwege de vrij lage standaardelektrodepotentiaal van het redoxkoppel thiosulfaat-tetrathionaat (+0,08 V) :

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