Perikanan

Ikan salmon bertelur di perikanan salmon di dalam Belantara Becharof di Alaska Barat Daya.

Pada umumnya, perikanan ialah suatu entiti terlibat dalam menternak atau mengutip hasil ikan yang ditentukan oleh beberapa pihak berkuasa untuk menjadi perikanan.[1] Menurut FAO, "...perikanan ialah aktiviti membawa kepada mengutip hasil ikan. Ia boleh melibatkan penangkapan ikan liar atau menternak ikan melalui akuakultur." Ia biasanya ditakrifkan dalam istilah "melibatkan orang, spesies atau jenis ikan, kawasan air atau dasar laut, kaedah penangkapan ikan, kelas bot, tujuan aktiviti atau gabungan ciri-ciri sebelum ini".[2] Takrifan tersebut selalu memasukkan gabungan ikan dan nelayan di suatu rantau, memancing yang kedua untuk spesies serupa dengan jenis gear serupa.[3][4] Takrifan luas perikanan termasuk alam sekitar apabila itu haiwan sasaran adalah bergantung. Contohnya, perikanan telah ditakrifkan sebagai "...suatu sistem terdiri daripada tiga komponen saling tindak: biota akuatik, habitat akuatik, dan pengguna manusia sumber asli boleh diperbaharui ini."[5]

Secara langsung atau tidak, mata pencarian lebih 500 juta orang di negara membangun bergantung kepada perikanan dan akuakultur. Penangkapan ikan berlebihan, termasuk mengambil ikan di luar tahap lestari, mengurangkan stok ikan dan pengambilan bekerja di banyak rantau dunia.[6][7] Suatu laporan oleh Unit Kelestaria Antarabangsa Putera Charles, Dana Pertahanan Alam Sekitar berpangkalan di New York dan 50in10 diterbitkan pada Julai 2014 menganggarkan perikanan dunia menambah AS$270 bilion setahun kepada KDNK dunia, tetapi oleh pelaksanaan penuh penangkapan ikan lestari, angka itu boleh meningkat sebanyak AS$50 bilion.[8]

Lihat juga

Sumber

 Rencana ini menggabungkan teks dan terjemahan dari karya kandungan percuma. Dilesenkan di bawah CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO Penyataan/kebenaran lesen di Wikimedia Commons. Teks diambil dan diterjemah dari In brief, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018, FAO, FAO.

Untuk mengetahui cara menambahkan teks lesen terbuka ke rencana Wikipedia, lihat halaman panduan ini. Untuk maklumat mengenai menggunakan semula teks dari Wikipedia, sila lihat syarat penggunaan.

Nota

  1. ^ Fletcher, WJ; Chesson, J; Fisher, M; Sainsbury KJ; Hundloe, T; Smith, ADM and Whitworth, B (2002) The "How To" guide for wild capture fisheries. National ESD reporting framework for Australian fisheries: FRDC Project 2000/145. Page 119–120.
  2. ^ FAO Fishery Glossary; "Fishery" (Entry: 98327). Rome: FAO. 2009. m/s. 24. Dicapai pada 21 January 2020.
  3. ^ Madden, CJ and Grossman, DH (2004) A Framework for a Coastal/Marine Ecological Classification Standard Diarkibkan Oktober 29, 2008, di Wayback Machine. NatureServe, page 86. Prepared for NOAA under Contract EA-133C-03-SE-0275
  4. ^ Blackhart, K; dll. (2006). NOAA Fisheries Glossary: "Fishery" (PDF) (ed. Revised). Silver Spring MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. m/s. 16. Dicapai pada 21 January 2020.
  5. ^ Lackey, Robert; Nielsen, Larry (penyunting). Fisheries management. m/s. 422. ISBN 047027056X.
  6. ^ C. Michael Hogan (2010) Overfishing, Encyclopedia of earth, topic ed. Sidney Draggan, ed. in chief C. Cleveland, National Council on Science and the Environment (NCSE), Washington DC
  7. ^ Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate[pautan mati kekal] Policy brief of the FAO for the UNFCCC COP-15 in Copenhagen, December 2009.
  8. ^ "Prince Charles calls for greater sustainability in fisheries". London Mercury. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-14. Dicapai pada 13 July 2014.

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