Redutas

Redutas
Devonširo reduto (Bermudai, 1614 m.) piešinys

Redutas (angl. redoubt; rus. редут; iš pranc. redoute, iš it. ridotto, iš viduramž. lot. reductus 'slapta vieta', iš lot. būtojo laiko dalyvio lot. reducere 'vesti atgal, pasitraukti') – uždaro kontūro įtvirtinimas, dažniausiai (bet ne visada) gruntinis, iš pylimo su grioviu, skirtas žiedinei gynybai. Dažniausiai statydavo keturkampius redutus, nors naudojo ir penkiakampius ar šešiakampius.

Ilgis paprastai būdavo 50–200 žingsnių, priklausomai nuo įgulos dydžio (paprastai 200–800 karių). Redutą sudarydavo:

  • išorinis griovys,
  • pylimas su gruntine vidine terasa, kur būdavo šauliai ir pabūklai,
  • vidinis griovys, kuriame slėpdavosi besiginantieji.
  • įėjimo į redutą, kuris paprastai būdavo 6 žingsnių pločio, goržos pusėje (nugarinėje pusėje)
  • traverso – pylimo redute, dengiančio įėjimą nuo bandančio įsiveržti priešo apšaudymo.

Redutai žinomi nuo XVI a. Plačiai naudoti XVII–XIX a. kaip atraminiai punktai. Redutai įėjo į Rusijos pasienio įtvirtinimų linijų sudėtį. Petras I vienas pirmųjų sėkmingai panaudojo redutų sistemą lauko kautynėse (Poltavos mūšis). Redutai naudoti Napoleono karuose, Rusijos-Japonijos kare kaip lauko įtvirtinimų dalis.

Redutai pasidarė nebeefektyvūs Pirmojo pasaulinio karo pradžioje dėl padidėjusio artilerijos galingumo.

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