Anglininkas

JAV anglininkas USS „Vulcan“ („Collier # 5“) 1911 m.

Anglininkas (angl. collier; rus. угольщик, углевоз) – specialios konstrukcijos pagalbinis laivas, skirtas palaidai supiltai akmens angliai pervežti. Laikais, kai pagrindinis karo laivų (jų garo mašinų) kuras buvo akmens anglis, anglininkai buvo labai svarbi karo laivynų dalis.

Anglininkų konstrukcijai būdinga:

  • platūs krovininiai liukai denyje, kurių plotis beveik lygus laivo pločiui.
  • išilginės pertvaros ties išilgine laivo ašimi, Jos sulaiko, kad laivo skersinio supimo metu triumuose supilta anglis nepasislinkto link vieno borto.
  • balastinės vandens cisternos, kurias užpildydavo iškrovę anglį, kad laivas išlaikytų stabilumą.
  • kapitono tiltelis, gyvenamosios patalpos ir mašinų skyrius laivo gale.

Dažnai neturėdavo įrengimų angliai perkrauti – tai turėdavo atlikti kranto krautuvai ar krovikai ir laivų įgulos.

Dėl mažo anglimi kūrenamų katilų ir garo mašinų efektyvumo anglininkai būdavo labai svarbūs garlaivių ir ypač karo laivų mobilumui. Pvz., anglininkų stygius sistemingai sulaikė Rusijos 2-ąją Ramiojo vandenyno eskadrą, kas iš esmės paveikė Rusijos-Japonijos karo eigą.

XIX a. pabaigoje – XX a pradžioje stambiausi pasaulio karo laivynai visame pasaulyje stengdavosi įsirengti anglies pakrovimo punktų tinklą, kur galėdavo apsirūpinti kuru. Tinklo elementai buvo anglies uostai ir anglininkai.[1]

Nuorodos

  1. John Winton. An Illustrated History of Royal Navy. Quadrillon Publishing & Salamander Books, 2000, p. 62-63.


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