Vita Periclis (Plutarchus)

Vita Periclis est biographia Periclis, demagogi et strategi Atheniensis, a Plutarcho composita, qui eam in Vitis Parallelis cum viro Romano Quinto Fabio Maximo Cunctatore contulit, videlicet quia uterque magistratibus ordinariis (strategia et consulatu[1]) instructi primas partes in republica per multos annos egerunt atque proelium cum validioribus adversariis (Peloponnesiis et Hannibale) recusantes agros suos et sociorum vastari passi sunt. Modernis vero Pericles persona historica Fabio Maximo multo maior videtur et homines inter se plurimum differunt. Haec vita quinto decimo saeculo a Lapo Florentino, sexto decimo a Guilielmo Xylandro Latine versa est.

De fontibus

Multa legit ut solebat Plutarchus ad biographiam componendam nec deerant fontes.

Hodie Plutarchus praecipuus fons de vita privata, familia, educatione, certaminibus publicis cum adversariis habetur quia Thucydides omnia ista praeteriit et consilia publica tantum et auctoritatem maiestatemque qua ille magnus vir democratiam Atheniensium solus gubernabat lectori patefacere voluit. Ipse Plutarchus tamen quantum difficile esset veritatem dinoscere fatebatur quia qui multa post saecula scripserunt ipsa longinquitate temporis a rebus prohiberentur, qui ipso eventorum tempore scripserunt sive odio et invidia sive favore et adsentiendo veritatem depravarent[20]. Quocirca decretis publicis et inscriptionibus quoque utebatur, si quae huiusmodi cognoverat[21]

De morali descriptione

Omnes vitae Plutarchi ad moralem investigationem et iudicium magis spectant quam ad historicam aut politicam. In quo multum a Thucydide differebat qui moralia a politicis secernebat. Ita Plutarchus Periclis contumaciam praecipuam causam belli Peloponnesiaci fuisse aestimabat[22] cum rex Spartae Archidamos moderatior ei videretur, Thucydides contra bellum inevitabile esse putabat ob metum Lacedaemoniorum adversus crescentem Atheniensium potentiam. Nec laudationes Thucydidis praeteribat sed postremo iudicio magistri sui Platonis consentiebat Periclem pecunia publica et largitionibus populum corrupisse et insatiabilem fecisse[23]. Nec iniurias civitatibus Graecis ab imperialismo Atheniensi factas dissimulabat.

Ex altera parte incorruptus[24] et bono publico devotus erat. Laudabat incruentam et mitem dominationem[25], auctoritate vitae et dicendi facultate partam, quam maxime admirabatur monumenta quibus urbem suam velut aeterna gloria vestierat[26].

Summarium

Res ipsa ita disposita estː

  • Praefatioː utilia esse opera quae ad virtutem imitatione provocant (1-2)
  • De gente et educatione (3-6)
  • Quid domi egerit et quomodo duces oligarchorum superarit (7-16)
  • Quid belli egerit et quomodo imperium maritimum Atheniensium auxerit (17-36)
  • De morbo et morte (37-38)
  • Conclusioː virum admirabilem fuisse Periclen qui cognomen "Olympium" sibi iure meruerit (39)
  • Comparatio amborum virorum vitae Fabii Maximi subiuncta (1-3 = 28-30)

Notae

  1. Fabius Maximus dictator quoque fuit anno 217 a.C.n. per nonnullos menses, qui magistratus tum salvis legibus creabatur.
  2. 9.1; 15.3; 28.2 et 8; 35.5
  3. 27.3 et 28.2
  4. 28.2-3
  5. 8.9; 13.16; 26.1; 36.5
  6. 10.7; 35.5
  7. 5.3 et 28.7
  8. 7.8; 8.2; 15.2; 24.7
  9. 24.6 et 32.5
  10. 27.4 et 35.5
  11. 4.1; 9.2 = Constitutio Atheniensium 27.3-4; 10.8 = Constitutio Atheniensium 25.4; 26.3; 28.2
  12. 23.2; 35.5; 38.2
  13. 35.2. CF. fortasse 5.6 de Zenone.
  14. 26.4 et 30.4 = Acharnanenses 524-527.
  15. 3.5 et 13.8-9.
  16. 3.7 et 24.10
  17. 33.8
  18. 4.4
  19. 3.6 et 16.2
  20. 13.16ː Οὕτως ἔοικε πάντη χαλεπὸν εἶναι καὶ δυσθήρατον ἱστορίᾳ τἀληθές, ὅταν οἱ μὲν ὕστερον γεγονότες τὸν χρόνον ἔχωσιν ἐπιπροσθοῦντα τῇ γνώσει τῶν πραγμάτων, ἡ δὲ τῶν πράξεων καὶ τῶν βίων ἡλικιῶτις ἱστορία τὰ μὲν φθόνοις καὶ δυσμενείαις, τὰ δὲ χαριζομένη καὶ κολακεύουσα λυμαίνηται καὶ διαστρέφῃ τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
  21. 8.7; 13.14; 21.3; 30.3; 31.5.
  22. 29.8 et Comparatio 30.1
  23. 9.1ː πρῶτον ὑπ' ἐκείνου φασὶ τὸν δῆμον ἐπὶ κληρουχίας καὶ θεωρικὰ καὶ μισθῶν διανομὰς προαχθῆναι, κακῶς ἐθισθέντα καὶ γενόμενον πολυτελῆ καὶ ἀκόλαστον ὑπὸ τῶν τότε πολιτευμάτων ἀντὶ σώφρονος καὶ αὐτουργοῦ. Cf Plato, Gorgias 515e
  24. 15.3ː ἀδωροτάτου περιφανῶς γενομένου καὶ χρημάτων κρείττονος... μιᾷ δραχμῇ μείζονα τὴν οὐσίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἧς ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῷ κατέλιπε. Cf Comparatio 30.5-6.
  25. 15.1-3 et 39.1
  26. 12-14 et Comparatio 30.7

Editiones

  • Collection des Universités de Franceː Robertus Flacelière et Aemilius Chambry (curatores), Vies. Tome III, Périclès-Fabius Maximus, Alcibiade-Coriolan, Parisiis, 1964. Textus Graecus, apparatus criticus, versio Francogallica, adnotationes.

Plura legere si cupis

Nexus externi

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