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Magna Sphinx Gizensis pro Magna Pyramide Gizensi iacet.

Sphinx (Graece Σφίγξ, Boeotice Φίξ) est monstrum mythicum, cui sunt caput hominis, corpus leonis, alaeque falconis.

Sphingi in mythologia Graeca sunt caput hominis, coxae clunesque leonis, atque aliquando alae avis. Perfida et immisericors habetur. Qui recte eius aenigma non respondeant, fatum patiuntur, ut in talibus fabulis usitatum est, quia monstrum eos necat et comedit.^[2] Quod sphingis exemplum in mytho et dramate de Oedipode legitur.^[3] Sphinx autem Aegyptius, sphingi Graecae dissimilis (quae est mulier), usitate homo monstratur, Androsphinx (Graece Ἀνδρόσφιγξ) appellatus. Praeterea, sphinx Aegyptius benevolus habetur, quamquam saevis viribus praeditus, exemplo Graeco similis; et ambo custodes memorantur, qui aditus templorum saepe custodiunt.^[4]

Sphingis parentes sunt Echidna et Orthos vel Typhon^[5]. Quae post mortem Laii, Creonte regente, in Monte Phicio prope Thebas sedet, ubi aenigma viatoribus proponit: quod animal mane quattuor pedibus, meridie duobus, vesperi tribus ambulat? Oedipus aenigma recte explicat: tale animal est homo.

Fontes

Euripides, Phoenissae 1018–42 (tertium stasimon).
Hesiodus, Theogonia 326–7.
Hyginus, Fabulae 67, 151.
Sophocles, Oedipus rex 35-6, 139-140, 390–400, 1200–2.

Notae

↑ "Sphinxes of all sorts occur on the Bharhut gateways" (Kosambi 2002).
↑ Siegel 2001.
↑ Kallich 1968.
↑ Stewart 1979.
↑ Hyginus 151.

Bibliographia

Caldwell, Richard. 1987. Hesiod's Theogony, Focus Publishing / R. Pullins Company. ISBN 978-0-941051-00-2.
Clay, Jenny Strauss. 2003. Hesiod's Cosmos. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521823920.
Dessenne, André. 1957. Le Sphinx: Étude iconographique. Lutetiae: De Boccard.
Edmunds, Lowell. 1981. The Sphinx in the Oedipus Legend. Königstein im Taunus: Hain. ISBN 3-445-02184-8.
Gantz, Timothy. 1996. Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. 2 voll. Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
Hesiodos. 2018. Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia, ed. et conv. Glenn W. Most. Loeb Classical Library 57. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-99720-2. Online version at Harvard University Press. Textus interretialis apud Harvard University Press.
Kallich, Martin. 1968. Oepidus and the Sphinx. In Oepidus: Myth and Drama.
Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand. 2002. In Combined Methods in Indology and Other Writings, ed. Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya, p. 459. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195642391.Google Books.
Regier, Willis Goth. 2004. Book of the Sphinx. Lincolniae Nebrascae: University of Nebraska Press.
Stewart, Desmond. 1979. Pyramids and the Sphinx. Newsweek. ISBN 0882252712, ISBN 978-0882252711.
Taheri, Sadreddin. 2013. "Gopat (Sphinx) and Shirdal (Gryphon) in the Ancient Middle East". نشریه هنرهای زیبا- هنرهای تجسمی. Tehran: Honarhay-e Ziba Journal 17 (4): 17 (4(زمستان 1391)). doi:10.22059/jfava.2013.30063.