Mandaeismus

Abatur. Imago in Diwan Abatur.
Abatur ad libram. Imago in Diwan Abatur.
"Crux Mandaea" (darfash).

Mandaeismus vel Mandaeanismus (Mandaʻiūtā מנדעיותא; Arabiceمندائية Mandāʼīyah/Mandāʾiyyah) est religio gnostica[1][2] (Aramaicum manda 'scientia' significat, Graece gnosis), cui est cosmotheoria vehementer dualistica. Mandaei, adsectatores, Adam, Abel, Seth, Enos, Noah, Sem, Aram, et praecipue Ioannem Baptistam reverentur, sed Abraham, Moysen, et Iesum Nazarenum reiciunt.[3][4]

Mandaei, secundum nonnullos eruditos, a Levante Meridiano ad Mesopotamiam saeculis primis aetatis Christianae migraverunt, ex generibus prae-Arabicis et prae-Islamicis orti. Qui sunt Semites et dialecto Aramaicae linguae orientalis Mandaicae appellata utuntur. Fortasse cum Nabataeis Iraquiae coniunguntur, habitantes pagani prae-Arabici et prae-Islamici in Iraquia meridiana nati fuerunt, qui Aramaice locuti sunt.[5]

Mandaei ut videntur in Mesopotamiam septentrionalen conducti sunt, sed exercita est religio praecipue circa Karun inferius, Euphratem, et Tigrim et flumina quae aquas Šaṭṭ al-ʿArab cingunt, partem Iraquiae meridianae et Khuzestania Provincia in Irania. Putantur a 60 000 ad 70 000 Mandaeorum per omnem orbem terrarum habitare.[6] Usque ad secundum bellum Iracense (2003), paene omnes in Iraquia habitabant.[7] Multi Iraquii Mandaei ad alias civitates confugierunt (ut confugierunt alii Iracenses) ob perturbationem Belli contra Terrorem et incrementum sequens violentiae sectarianae ab adsectatores rerum novarum Islamicis factae.[8] Ante 2007, numerus Mandaeorum in Iraquia ad 5000 fere hominum imminuerat.[7] Plurimi Iraquienses Mandaei refugium in Irania, cum aliis Mandaeanis diu ibi habitantibus, petiverunt. Alii ad Iraquiam septentrionalem migraverunt. Parvi in Syriam et Iordaniam fugierunt, et iam minores in Suecia, Australia, Civitatibus Foederatis, et aliis civitates Occidentalibus nunc habitant.

Mandaei separati et privatissimi manserunt. Descriptiones eorum religionis plerumque ab advenis scripti sunt, praecipue ab orientalistis Iulio Henrico Petermann, Nicolao Siouffi (Yazidi), et Domina Drower relatae. Petrus Owen-Jones, vicarius Anglicanus, scaenas breves de grege Mandaeo Sydneii Australiae in Around the World in 80 Faiths, serie a BBC facta, comprehendit.

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley, The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People (Oxford University Press, 2002), ISBN 9780195153859. PDF.
  2. ↑ Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley, The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People (Oxford University Press, 2002), ISBN 9780195153859. Res.
  3. ↑ Kurt Rudolph, Mandaeism (1978), 15: "This tradition can be explained by an anti-Christian concept, which is also found in Mandaeism, but, according to several scholars, it contains scarcely any traditions of historical events. Because of the strong dualism in Mandaeism."
  4. ↑ Petrus Franciscus Maria Fontaine, The Light and the Dark: Dualism in ancient Iran, India, and China (1990): "Although it shows Jewish and Christian influences, Mandaeism was hostile to Judaism and Christianity. Mandaeans spoke an East-Aramaic language in which 'manda' means 'knowledge'; this already is sufficient proof of the connection of Mandaeism with the Gnosis.
  5. ↑ Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila, The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Wahshiyya and His Nabatean Agriculture Brill, 2006, ISBN 9789004150102),11.
  6. ↑ Kai Thaler, "Iraqi minority group needs U.S. attention," Yale Daily News, 9 Martii 2007.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Save the Gnostics" by Nathaniel Deutsch, October 6, 2007, New York Times.
  8. ↑ Angus Crawford, "Iraq's Mandaeans 'face extinction,'" BBC, 4 Martii 2007.

Bibliographia

  • Häberl, Charles G. 2009. The Neo-Mandaic Dialect of Khorramshahr. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447058742.
  • Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen. 2002. The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
  • Buckley. J. J. Mandaeans. In Encyclopædia Iranica.
  • Drower, Ethel Stefana. 2002. The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran: Their Cults, Customs, Magic Legends, and Folklore. Piscataway Novae Ceasareae: Gorgias Press.
  • Lupieri, Edmondo. 2002. The Mandaeans: The Last Gnostics. Conv. Charles Hindley. Grand Rapids Michiganiae: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
  • Newmarker, Chris. 2007. "Faith under fire: Iraq war threatens extinction for ancient religious group." The Advocate, 10 Februarii, p. A12. Stamford Connecticutae.
  • Petermann, J. Heinrich. 2007. The Great Treasure of the Mandaeans. Reimpressio libri Thesaurus s. Liber Magni. Piscataway Novae Caesareae: Gorgias Press.
  • Segelberg, Eric. 1958. Maşbūtā: Studies in the Ritual of the Mandæan Baptism. Uppsala.
  • Segelberg, Eric. 1970. The Ordination of the Mandæan tarmida and Its Relation to Jewish and Early Christian Ordination Rites. Studia patristica 10.
  • Yamauchi, Edwin. 2004. Gnostic Ethics and Mandaean Origins. Piscataway Novae Caesareae: Gorgias Press.

Nexus externi