Excommunicatio est institutionalis censurae religiosae actus, qui in communitate religiosa privare, suspendere, vel circumscribere consuit aut quaedam iura in ipsa restringere, praesertim eos esse in communione cum aliis sodalibus congregationis et sacramenta recipiendi.
Ab omnibus antiquis ecclesiis Christianis (ut Ecclesia Catholica Romana, Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Orientales, et Christianitas Orthodoxa), necnon ab aliis Christianis confessionibus, sed generalius etiam usurpatur ad similes rationes institutionales praxis exclusivarum religiosarum. et vitans inter alios coetus religiosos. Vetus Ordinis Amish etiam notum est excommunicare fideles, quae vel visa vel nota sunt ad praevaricationem regulae, vel ad ecclesiae interrogationem, ad usum vitandum notum. Testes Iehovae utuntur vocabulo disfelificationis? ad formam excommunicationis referendam.
Excommunicatio verbum significat proprium hominem vel coetus extra communionem ponere. In quibusdam confessionibus, excommunicatio spiritualis fidelis vel coetus condemnationem amplectitur. Excommunicatio exilium, vitationem, et verecundiam comprehendere potest, secundum coetus, delictum quod excommunicatio causavit, vel communitatis religiosae normas vel normas.? In responsione, manifestae paenitentiae gravis actus revocatur.
Bibliographia
- "Atlanta Mennonite congregation penalized over gays." The Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta Constitution, 2 Ianuarii 1999.
- Beck, Martha N. 2005. Leaving the Saints: How I Lost the Mormons and Found My Faith. Crown.
- D'anna, Lynnette. 1993. "Post-Mennonite Women Congregate to Address Abuse," Herizons, 1 Martii 1993.
- Esau, Alvin J. 2004. "The Courts and the Colonies: The Litigation of Hutterite Church Disputes." University of British Columbia Press.
- Gruter, Margaret, et Roger Masters. Ostracism: A Social and Biological Phenomenon, (Amish) Ostracism on Trial: The Limits of Individual Rights. Gruter Institute.
- Garrett, Ottie, et Irene Garrett. 1998. True Stories of the X-Amish: Banned, Excommunicated, Shunned. Horse Cave Kentukiae: Nue Leben.
- Garret, Ruth, et Rick Farrant. 2003. Crossing Over: One Woman's Escape from Amish Life. Franciscopoli: Harper.
- Hostetler, John A. 1993. Amish Society. Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Juhnke, James.1989. Vision, Doctrine, War: Mennonite Identity and Organization in America, 1890–1930.(The Mennonite Experience in America, 3. Scottdale, PA, Herald Press.
- Ludlow, Daniel H., ed. 1992. Encyclopedia of Mormonism. Macmillan Publishing.
- MacMaster, Richard K. 1985. Land, Piety, Peoplehood: The Establishment of Mennonite Communities in America 1683–1790. Kitchener & Scottdale: Herald Press.
- Melton, J. Gordon, ed. Encyclopedia of American Religions. ISBN 0-8103-6904-4.
- Scott, Stephen. 1996. An Introduction to Old Order and Conservative Mennonite Groups. Intercourse Pennsylvaniae: Good Books.
- Stammer, Larry B. 2004. "Mormon Author Says He's Facing Excommunication." Los Angeles Times, 9 Decembris 2004.
Nexus externi
