Diophantus

Wikidata Diophantus
Res apud Vicidata repertae:
Diophantus: imago
Diophantus: imago
Nativitas: 200; Alexandria
Obitus: 284; Alexandria
Patria: Roma antiqua
Nomen nativum: Διόφαντος
Vide etiam paginam discretivam: Diophantus (discretiva).

Diophantus Alexandrinus (Graece Διόφαντος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς), qui saeculo III floruit, fuit mathematicus Graecus, Arithmeticorum illustrium auctor, qui algebrae pater saepe appellatur.

Arithmeticorum Diophanti editionis anni 1621 titulus

Vita

De vita Diophanti nihil notum est. Hypsiclem citat, qui saeculo II vixerat; de Diophanto autem Theo Alexandrinus circa annum 350 scribit. Epigramma Anthologiae Palatinae[1] aequationem versibus enarratam praebet, quae soluta Diophantem 84 annos vixisse affirmat, sed hoc iocus esse potest.

Manuscriptum Arithmeticorum saeculi XIV; in prima linea aequatio scripta est:
Liber Diophanti cum notatione illius Petri Fermatii

Arithmetica

Arithmetica Diophanti libros 13 habuerunt, quorum 6 noti sunt. Signis algebraicis Diophantus primus usus est, nam numerum ignotum ς significabat, quadratum eius ΔΥ (de δύναμις, gradus), cubum KΥ (de κύβος, cubus) etc., usque ad gradum sextum. Summanda Diophantus unum iuxta alterum scribit itidemque subtrahenda, sed substractio littera Ψ versa significatur. Quod in Graecia rarissimum erat, Diophantus geometria non utebatur.

Diophantus aequationes huius generis solvit, quod aequatio Diophantica nominatur. Ad aequationes solvendas solos numeros naturales quaerit.

Saeculo X Qusṭā ibn Lūqā Arithmetica Arabice vertit, Latine autem Raphael Bombelli anno 1522. Versio Claudii Bacheti Meziriaci, cum commentariis anno 1621 primum edita, in Europa notissimum erat. In margine huius editionis Petrus de Fermat notam de theoremate suo famoso reliquit.

Saeculo XX etiam quattuor libri Arithmeticorum adhuc ignoti in versione Arabica inventi sunt, sed disputatum est, an Diophantus ipse vel discipulus eius eos composuisset.

Opera alia

  • De numeris multangulis (Περὶ πολυγώνων ἀριθμῶν), partim servatum
  • De superficiebus metiendis (Ἐπιπεδομετρικά) et De multiplicatione (Περὶ πολλαπλασιασμοῦ), fragmenta pauca servata sunt
  • Porismata (Πορίσματα), nota citationum in Arithmeticis gratia

Notae

  1. ↑ XIV 126.

De Diophanto

  • Heath Th. L. Diophantus of Alexandria, A Study in the History of Greek Algebra. Cantabrigiae 1910 (Repr.: Novi Eboraci 1964).
  • Knorr W. R. Ἀριθμητικὴ στοιχείωσις: On Diophantus and Hero of Alexandria, in: Historia Mathematica, 20, 1993, pp. 180—192.
  • Christianidis J. The way of Diophantus: Some clarifications on Diophantus’ method of solution, in: Historia Mathematica, 34, 2007, pp. 289—305.
  • Rashed R., Houzel C. Les Arithmétiques de Diophante. Lecture historique et mathématique, 2013.

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