튀르키예인 또는 터키인(튀르키예어: Türkler 튀르클레르[*], 영어: Turkish people)은 튀르키예어의 다양한 방언을 사용하며 튀르키예와 북키프로스에서 다수를 형성하는 튀르크계 민족이다. 또한 오스만 제국의 다른 옛 영토에 걸쳐 수백년 된 튀르키예인 공동체가 여전히 존재하고 있다. 튀르키예 헌법 66조는 "튀르키예인"을 "시민권을 통해 튀르키예 국가에 귀속되는 모든 사람"으로 정의한다. 튀르키예 시민과 관련하여 "튀르키예인"이라는 용어의 법적 사용은 용어의 민족적 정의와 다르지만,[1][2] 튀르키예 인구의 대다수(70~75%)는 튀르크족이다.[3][4] 대다수의 튀르키예인은 무슬림이며 수니파와 알레비파를 따른다.[5]
11세기 셀주크 투르크의 정복을 통해 중앙아시아의 투르크인들이 아나톨리아에 정착했다. 이로 인해 이전에 알렉산드로스 대왕에 의해 헬레니즘화된 후 주로 그리스어를 사용하는 지역이었던 지역이 튀르키예 무슬림 지역으로 변모하기 시작했다.[18][19][20] 오스만 제국은 수세기에 걸쳐 발칸 반도, 남캅카스, 중동, 북아프리카와 이란 일부 등 수많은 영토를 차지하게 되었다. 제국은 제1차 세계 대전이 끝날 때까지 지속되었으며, 그 때 연합군에 의해 패배하고 분할되었다. 연합군에게 빼앗긴 영토의 상당 부분을 튀르키예 국민 운동이 수복하면서 튀르키예 독립 전쟁이 끝난 이후, 1922년 11월 1일 튀르키예 국민 운동이 오스만 제국을 종식시키고 1923년 10월 29일 튀르키예 공화국을 선포했다.
역사
선사시대, 고대, 중세 초기
오늘날 튀르키예인들의 주된 거주지인 아나톨리아 반도에는 구석기 시대에 처음 수렵채집민이 거주하기 시작하였으며, 고대에는 아나톨리아인들이 거주했다.[21][a] 기원전 334년 알렉산드로스 대왕의 정복 이후, 아나톨리아 지역은 헬레니즘화되었고, 기원전 1세기에 이르러서는 토착 아나톨리아어파 언어들이 멸종되었다고 일반적으로 생각된다.[22][23]
↑Biondich, Mark (2011년 2월 17일). 《The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878》 (영어). Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-929905-8. In the period between 1878 and 1912, as many as two million Muslims emigrated voluntarily or involuntarily from the Balkans. When one adds those who were killed or expelled between 1912 and 1923, the number of Muslim casualties from the Balkan far exceeds three million. By 1923 fewer than one million remained in the Balkans
↑Davison, Roderic H. (2013). 《Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774–1923: The Impact of the West》. University of Texas Press. 3–4쪽. ISBN978-0292758940. 2018년 8월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 9월 22일에 확인함. So the Seljuk sultanate was a successor state ruling part of the medieval Greek empire, and within it the process of Turkification of a previously Hellenized Anatolian population continued. That population must already have been of very mixed ancestry, deriving from ancient Hittite, Phrygian, Cappadocian, and other civilizations as well as Roman and Greek.
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