활성탄

활성탄.

활성탄(活性炭, 영어: activated carbon 또는 activated charcoal)은 주 성분이 탄소이며 다공성이므로, 표면적이 넓어 흡착성이 강하고, 화학 반응이 빨리 일어나는 물질이다.[1]

활용

활성탄은 숯에 수증기 또는 인산과 같은 약품을 사용하여 표면적을 증가시킨 소재로서, 수원부영양화 방지,[2] 고도 정수 처리(수돗물)[3], 하수&폐수처리 등 수처리 시설에 널리 쓰이고 있다. 참고로, 군용 방독면에는 활성탄 표면에 촉매를 추가로 도포한 특수 활성탄 필터가 쓰인다.

대나무 활성탄의 경우 진로 '참이슬' 소주 정제과정에 첨가하여 미네랄을 용출시켜 사용하고 있고 KT&G '에쎄 수' 담배의 필터에 첨가되어 해로운 물질을 걸러주는 등 생활 깊숙이 사용되고 있는 친환경 소재이다.[4]

제법

목재 등의 탄소를 활성화제염화 아연이나 인산과 같은 물질을 촉매로 건조시키거나, 목탄을 수증기로 활성화시켜 만든다.

대나무활성탄을 만드는 과정을 설명해보면, 국내의 경우 맹종죽을 솎아베기하여 사용하는데 맹종죽 1ton을 탄화시키면 300kg의 대나무 숯을 얻을 수 있고 300kg의 숯을 다시 수증기 부활법을 사용하여 활성화 시키면 120kg의 활성탄을 얻을 수 있다. 1차로 얻어진 대나무 숯의 비표면적은 약 600m²/g이며, 최종적으로 얻어진 대나무 활성탄의 비표면적은 1200m²/g 로서 일반 참숯에 비해 6배 이상의 비표면적을 갖게된다. 비표면적이 넓을 수록 흡착할 수 있는 양이 많아 오래 사용할 수 있으며 성능이 좋다고 할 수 있다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. "Properties of Activated Carbon", CPL Caron Link, accessed 2008-05-02”. 2012년 6월 19일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 5월 5일에 확인함. 
  2. 이종형 외. 《상하수도 공학》 5판. 구미서관. 84쪽. 
  3. 노재식 외 (2016). 《토목기사 대비 상하수도 공학》. 한솔아카데미. 182쪽. ISBN 979-11-5656-234-4. 
  4. "Taegang Korea_Bamboo Activated Carbon", 2014-07-16

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