푸루샤

푸루샤(산스크리트어: पुरुष)는 베다우파니샤드 시대에 그 의미가 진화한 복잡한 개념이다. 출처와 역사적 연대에 따라 우주적 존재 또는 자아, 인식, 보편적 원리를 의미한다.[1][2][3]

초기 베다에서 푸루샤는 신들에 의한 희생이 모든 생명을 창조한 우주적 존재였다. 이것은 베다에서 논의된 많은 창조신화들 중 하나였다. 우파니샤드에서 푸루샤 개념은 영원불멸하고 파괴할 수 없으며 형식이 없으며 만능인 자아, 정신, 보편원리의 추상적 본질을 가리킨다.

상키야 철학에서 푸루샤는 "비활동적이고 변하지 않으며 영원하고 순수한 것"인 다수의 움직이지 않는 우주 원리인 순수한 의식이다.[4] 프라크리티와 연합한 푸루샤는 생명을 낳는다.

카슈미르 시바파에서 푸루샤는 시간(kāla), 욕망(raga), 제한(niyati), 지식(vidyā), 분리(kalā)의 다섯 개의 칼집으로 둘러싸여 있으며, 많은 개인적 자아(jīvātman)만큼 제한된 보편적 자아(paramātman)이다.[5]

같이 보기

각주

  1. Purusha Encyclopædia Britannica (2013)
  2. Angelika Malinar, 'Hindu Cosmologies', in Jessica Frazier (ed.), A Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies, ISBN 978-0-8264-9966-0, p. 67
  3. Karl Potter, Presuppositions of India’s Philosophies, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0779-0, pp 105–109
  4. Grimes 1996, 250-251쪽.
  5. Grimes 1996, 251쪽.

참고 문헌

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