광도

광도(光度, luminous intensity)는 인간이 전자기파를 시각으로 인식하는 감도인 시감도에 기초하여, 광원의 밝기를 나타내는 값이다. 광도의 SI 단위는 칸델라(cd)이다.

정의

1 칸델라는 진동수 540×1012 헤르츠인 단색광[1]을 방출하는 광원이 어떤 주어진 방향으로 매 스테라디안 당 1/683 와트의 비율로 에너지를 발산할 때의 밝기로 정의된다.[2]

설명

진동수 540 × 1012 헤르츠에서 단위 입체각(스테라디안)당 1W의 전자기 에너지를 발산하는 광원의 광도는 683 칸델라가 된다.

같이 보기

각주

  1. 이는 파장으로는 555 nm로 초록색에 해당한다.
  2. NIST. “Unit of luminous intensity(candela)”. 《The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty》. 2016년 3월 1일에 확인함. The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. 
빛의 SI 단위v  d  e  h
측광량 기호 단위 기호 차원 비고
발광 에너지(luminous energy) Qv 또는 W 루멘 초 lm⋅s cd⋅sr⋅s
광선속, 광속(luminous flux) Φv 또는 P 루멘 lm cd⋅sr
광도(luminous intensity) Iv 칸델라 cd (=lm/sr) cd
휘도(luminance) Lv 칸델라 매 제곱미터 cd/m2 cd/m2
조도(illuminance) Ev 럭스 lx (=lm/m2) cd⋅sr/m2
광출사도, 광속발산도(luminous emittance, luminous exitance) Mv 럭스 lx (=lm/m2) cd⋅sr/m2
(방사의) 발광효율(luminous efficacy of radiation) K 루멘 매 와트 lm/W cd⋅kg-1⋅m-1⋅s4 전자기 방사에 대한 광선속 양의 비율. 파장의 비시감도에 따라 달라지는데 최대치는 파장 555nm에서 683 lm/W이다.
(광원의) 발광효율(luminous efficacy of a source) η 루멘 매 와트 lm/W cd⋅kg-1⋅m-1⋅s4 전등효율이라고도 하며, 어떤 광원에서 1W의 소비전력에 따라 발생하는 광선속 양의 비를 나타낸다. 이론적 최대치는 비시감도에 따라 파장별로 상이하고 파장 555nm에서 683 lm/W의 최대값을 가지나 실제로는 이보다 낮다.

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