この関数 f に対する勾配を求めるためには だけではなく も求める必要がある。そのため、初期値を とした同様の計算を追加で行わなければならない。
勾配を求める場合に必要なボトムアップ型自動微分の実行回数は入力変数の個数と等しく、トップダウン型自動微分では出力変数の個数に等しい。ボトムアップ型やトップダウン型の自動微分を1回行うのに必要な計算量は、元のプログラムの計算量に比例する。そのため、偏微分する関数f : ℝn → ℝm が n ≪ m を満たす場合、ボトムアップ型自動微分はトップダウン型自動微分よりも効率的である。
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Balon merupakan salah satu produk yang dijual secara eceran. Pemasaran Pemasaran Manajemen pemasaran Konsep inti Bauran pemasaran Produk Harga Distribusi Jasa Eceran Kelola merek Pemasaran berbasis akuntan Etika pemasaran Efektivitas pemasaran Penelitian pasar Segmentasi pasar Strategi pemasaran Kelola pemasaran Dominasi pasar Sistem Informasi Pemasaran Konten promosi Iklan Merek Underwriting Pemasaran langsung Penjualan Penempatan produk Publikasi Promosi penjualan Pemasaran loyalis Premium ...
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