デカルトは「コナトゥス」には二種類、「コナトゥス・ア・ケントロ(conatus a centro)」と「コナトゥス・レケデンディ(conatus recedendi)」があることを明記した。「コナトゥス・ア・ケントロ」、つまり「中心に向かう傾向」はデカルトが重力の理論で使った。「コナトゥス・レケデンディ」、つまり「中心から離れていく傾向」は遠心力を表した[5]。これらの傾向は、生物の性質や意図を表す言葉でもなければ、物の「力」の固有の特性として考えられたのでもなく、むしろ、神が授けた物理的宇宙それ自体の統一的・外的な特徴として考えられた[24]。
バールーフ・デ・スピノザが心の哲学で使った限りでの「コナトゥス」の概念は古代及び中世の典拠に由来する。ストア派、キケロー、ディオゲネス・ラエルティオスと、特にホッブズやスピノザが発展させた原理をスピノザは再構成する[42]。コナトゥスに関して彼の理論がホッブズのものと違うのは「コナトゥス・アド・モートゥム(conatus ad motum)」(運動に対するコナトゥス)は精神的では「なく」物理的であるとした点である[43]。
ゴットフリート・ライプニッツ(1646年 - 1716年)はエアハルト・ヴァイゲル(1625年 - 1699年)の弟子で、「コナトゥス」という原理を彼及びホッブズから学んだが、ヴァイゲルは「テンデンティア(tendentia)」(傾向)という言葉を使った[52]。具体的に言うと、ライプニッツは『新たな説(Exposition and Defence of the New System)』(1695年)でホッブズのそれと同様の意味で「コナトゥス」という言葉を使っている。ただし、ライプニッツは身体に関する場合と魂に関する場合で「コナトゥス」を区別している。身体に関するコナトゥスは自力では直線的な運動をできるのみで、一方魂に関するコナトゥスはより複雑な運動を「覚える」ことができる[53]。
ケプラーと、おそらくはデカルトの研究に基づいて、ライプニッツは「コナトゥス」の原理、エーテル説、そして渦動説に基づいた惑星運行のモデルを発展させている。その理論は彼の『天体運動についての原因についての試論(Tentamen de motuum coelestium causis)』(1689年)で展開されている[54][57]ライプニッツによれば、ケプラーによる楕円軌道の、真円の動径成分への分析は、視線運動を説明する際のどちらも「コナトゥス」の例である遠心力及び重力を組み合わせた円運動に対して「調和した渦」によって説明できるという[55] Leibniz later defines the term monadic conatus, as the "state of change" through which his monads perpetually advance.[58]。
アルトゥール・ショーペンハウアー(1788年 - 1860年)はホッブズの「コナトゥス」のそれと明らかに似通っている原理を含む哲学を築いた。その定理は「Wille zum Leben」、つまり「生への意志」といい、有機体の自己保存の本能に具体的に現れているような現象を表す[62]。しかしながらショーペンハウアーは、生への意志は時間的に縛られずに存続すると述べることでこれを定義した[63]。フリードリヒ・ニーチェ(1844年 - 1900年)は早くからショーペンハウアーの影響を受けた哲学者だが、ショーペンハウアーの生への意志の優位を否定して別の自己保存の説を発展させた。彼は自分のヴァージョンを「Wille zur Macht」つまり力への意志と呼んだ[64]。
"It was a permanent force whose effect got dissipated only as a result of external agents such as air resistance. He is apparently the first to conceive such a permanent type of impressed virtue for non-natural motion."
"Indeed, self-motion of the type conceived by Ibn Sina is almost the opposite of the Aristotelian conception of violent motion of the projectile type, and it is rather reminiscent of the principle of inertia, i.e., Newton's first law of motion."
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