鍼治療と東洋医学の専門家は、通常"licensed acupuncturists" または L.Ac.'s. と呼ばれている。"Dipl. Ac."の略称は "Diplomate of Acupuncture"を意味し、アメリカ国立補完統合衛生センターに認定されたことを意味する[47]。23の州ではその認証を持つことが要求されている[48]。
2005年のアメリカ医師への世論調査によれば、59 %が鍼治療は痛みの治療について何かしら幾分効果があったと信じている[49]。1996年、アメリカ食品医薬品局(FDA)は治療鍼の位置づけについて、Class III から Class II 医療機器に変更した。これは認定施術者によって扱われるならば安全であり効果的だとみなされた事を意味する[50][51]。2004年時点で、アメリカ人の加入する雇用健康保険について50 %近くが鍼治療をカバーしている[52][53]。
^Singh & Ernst (2008) stated, "Scientists are still unable to find a shred of evidence to support the existence of meridians or Ch'i",[3] "The traditional principles of acupuncture are deeply flawed, as there is no evidence at all to demonstrate the existence of Ch'i or meridians"[4] and "Acupuncture points and meridians are not a reality, but merely the product of an ancient Chinese philosophy"[5]
^de las Peñas, César Fernández; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Gerwin, Robert D (2010). Tension-type and cervicogenic headache: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 251–4. ISBN9780763752835
^Ernst, E.; Pittler, MH; Wider, B; Boddy, K (2007). “Acupuncture: its evidence-base is changing”. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine35 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1142/S0192415X07004588. PMID17265547.
^White, A.R.; Filshie, J.; Cummings, T.M.; International Acupuncture Research Forum (2001). “Clinical trials of acupuncture: consensus recommendations for optimal treatment, sham controls and blinding”. Complementary Therapies in Medicine9 (4): 237–245. doi:10.1054/ctim.2001.0489. PMID12184353.
^Johnson MI (2006). “The clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for pain relief--you can be certain of uncertainty”. Acupunct. Med.24 (2): 71-79. PMID16783282.
^Ernst, E et al. (2011). “Acupuncture: Does it alleviate pain and are there serious risks? A review of reviews”. Pain152 (4): 755–64. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.004. PMID21440191.
^“Acupuncture, chiropractic and osteopathy use in Australia: a national population survey”. BioMed Central. 2013年5月25日閲覧。 “Over a 12-month period, approximately one in four adult Australians used either acupuncture (9.2%), chiropractic (16.1%) or osteopathy (4.6%) at least once. It is estimated that, adult Australians made 32.3 million visits to acupuncturists, chiropractors and osteopaths, incurring personal expenditure estimated to be A$1.58 billion in total.”
^Hopton, A. K.; Curnoe, S.; Kanaan, M.; MacPherson, H. (2012). “Acupuncture in practice: mapping the providers, the patients and the settings in a national cross-sectional survey”. BMJ Open2 (1): e000456–e000456. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000456. ISSN2044-6055. "quote=An estimated 4 million acupuncture sessions were provided in 2009 in the UK with approximately two-thirds of this provision outside the National Health Service."
Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean LE, et al EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2017;76:318-328.
Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara 1987Tuan rumahJakarta IndonesiaJumlah negara8Jumlah atlet6007 (termasuk ofisial)Jumlah disiplin490 dari 16 cabang olahragaUpacara pembukaan9 September 1987Upacara penutupan20 September 1987Dibuka olehSoehartoPresiden IndonesiaJanji atletIr. Effendi SalehPenyalaan oborIr. Effendi SalehTempat utamaStadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno← Bangkok 1985 Kuala Lumpur 1989 → Pesta Olahraga Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara 1987 adalah Pesta Olahraga Negara-Negara Asia...
Bus operator in North Wales and Chester Arriva Buses WalesArriva Buses Wales Sapphire branded Alexander Dennis Enviro400 City on the A5 in Denbighshire in May 2023ParentArriva UK BusFounded1919HeadquartersBangorService areaAngleseyChesterConwyDenbighshireFlintshireGwyneddWrexham Cheshire WestService typeBus servicesDestinationsLlangollen, Wrexham, Bangor, Chester, Rhyl, Llandudno, Mold, NorthwichFleet190 (July 2023)Chief executiveMichael MortonWebsitewww.arrivabus.co.uk/wales Arriva Buses Wal...
Provincia di Crotone Negara Italia Wilayah / Region Calabria Ibu kota Crotone Area 1,717 km2 Population (2005) 172,970 Kepadatan 101 inhab./km2 Comuni 27 Nomor kendaraan KR Kode pos 88900; 888xx Kode area telepon 0962, 0984 ISTAT 101 Presiden Sergio Iritale Executive People of Freedom Pemilu terakhir 2009 Peta yang menunjukan lokasi provinsi Crotone di Italia Provinsi Crotone (Italia: Provincia di Crotonecode: it is deprecated ) adalah sebuah provinsi di regione Calabria, negara Italia...
Wildlife refuge near Sacramento, California Stone Lakes National Wildlife RefugeIUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)Map of the United StatesShow map of the United StatesStone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge (California)Show map of CaliforniaLocationSacramento County, California, United StatesNearest cityElk Grove, CaliforniaCoordinates38°21′55″N 121°29′34″W / 38.3652°N 121.4928°W / 38.3652; -121.4928[1]Area17,641 acres (71.39 ...
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Storia medievale è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Ermanno di SalzaGran maestro dell'Ord...
Preston North End FCCalcio The Lilywhites (i Gigli Bianchi); the Invincibles (gli Invincibili) Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Terza divisa Colori sociali Bianco Simboli Agnus Dei Dati societari Città Preston Nazione Inghilterra Confederazione UEFA Federazione The FA Campionato Championship Fondazione 1880 Presidente Trevor Hemmings Allenatore Ryan Lowe Stadio Deepdale(23 408 posti) Sito web www.pnefc.net Palmarès Titoli d'Inghilterra 2 Coppe d'Inghilterra 2 Dat...
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Categorization system of internal combustion engines The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorized by the number of rotors present. Gas turbine engines are often categorized into turbojets, turbofans, turboprops and turboshafts. Piston engines 1919 Napier Lion II aircraft engine with three cyli...
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