徐忠

徐 忠(じょ ちゅう、生年不詳 - 1413年)は、明代軍人本貫廬州合肥県

生涯

父の爵位を嗣いで河南衛副千戸となった。たびたび北伐に従軍し、多くの捕虜や戦利品を得て、済陽衛指揮僉事に進んだ。洪武末年、開平に駐屯した。1399年建文元年)、靖難の変が起こり、燕王朱棣の軍が居庸関と懐来を攻略すると、徐忠は開平ごと降伏した。朱棣に従って灤河を巡り、陳旭とともにその流域の城を落とした。李景隆北平を攻撃すると、燕王朱棣の軍は大寧から救援に取って返した。朱棣が会州で五軍を置くと、徐忠は前軍を率いることになった。陳暉を白河で破り、李景隆を鄭村壩で破った。1400年(建文2年)、白溝河の戦いにおいて、徐忠は単騎で敵陣に突入した。指に流れ矢が当たったが、すぐさま刀で指を断って鏃を取り除いた。そのまま満身疾駆して奮戦したので、朱棣は高所からこれを見て、「真の壮士なり」と評した。済南に進攻し、滄州を攻め落とし、東昌で戦った。1401年(建文3年)、夾河で戦い、彰徳を攻め、西水寨を破った。1402年(建文4年)、東阿東平汶上を攻略し、霊璧で戦った。朱棣に従って長江を渡り南京に入った。指揮同知から都督僉事に累進した。永康侯に封じられ、1100石の禄を賜り、世券を与えられた。

徐忠は戦うたびに諸将の先頭に立って、敵の鋭鋒を挫いた。軍の統制は厳格で、通過したところで騒動を起こすことがなかった。降伏者に寛容で、その協力を引き出すことができた。継母に孝事して知られた。夜間に帰宅すると、必ず家廟に手を合わせてから家に入った。節倹で慎み深く、罪に問われたことがなかった。永楽帝(朱棣)が北巡すると、徐忠は皇太子朱高熾の監国を補佐して北京の留守をつとめた。1413年永楽11年)8月、死去した。蔡国公に追封された。は忠烈といった。

参考文献

  • 明史』巻146 列伝第34

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