宮体詩

宮体詩（きゅうたいし）は、中国南北朝時代の南朝梁の第2代皇帝簡文帝蕭綱が皇太子時代、配下の文人であった徐摛・庾肩吾らとともに確立した詩体を指す。「宮体」とは「東宮（皇太子）の詩体」の意である^[1]。

特徴

特徴としては、女性の姿態や仕草、身につけている服飾品の描写を通して、男女の情愛を主題とする点にある。また型式面では、先代の沈約・謝朓らの「永明体」を継承し、詩の形式美・韻律美の追求に関して、より一層の整備が図られている^[2]。

簡文帝はさらに、徐摛の子の徐陵に命じ、これら宮体詩に加え、漢代からの「艶詩」を収録した詞華集『玉台新詠』を編纂させている。徐・庾親子の詩文は「徐庾体」と称されて、当時の人士の間で大いに流行した^[3]。宮体詩は南北朝後期に大いに流行し、南朝梁以後の南朝陳や北朝でも制作された。しかしその「綺羅脂粉」を重視する側面は、唐代以後、文学において儒教の復興が図られるようになると、しばしば文学の堕落として批判されるようになった。

代表的な詩人

代表的な作品

梁簡文帝「詠内人晝眠（内人の昼眠を詠ず）」
原文	書き下し文	通釈
北窗聊就枕	北窓　聊（いささ）か枕に就（つ）き	北の窓でしばし枕について眠る
南檐日未斜	南檐　日　未だ斜めならず	南の檐（のき）では日はまだ傾いていない
攀鉤落綺障	鉤を攀（ひ）きて　綺障を落とし	鉤をひいて　緞子のとばりを落とし
插捩舉琵琶	捩（ばち）を插して　琵琶を挙ぐ	撥を挿して　琵琶をかたづける
夢笑開嬌靨	夢笑　嬌靨　開き	夢での笑いで可愛いえくぼが開き
眠鬟壓落花	眠鬟　落花を圧す	眠りの髻が散り落ちた花をおさえている
簟文生玉腕	簟文　玉腕に生じ	敷物の編み目（の跡）は玉のような腕につき
香汗浸紅紗	香汗　紅紗を浸す	香しい汗は紅いうすぎぬをぬらして透き通らせる
夫婿恒相伴	夫婿　恒（つね）に相ひ伴はば	（こんな格好をしていても）愛しい夫はいつも彼女のそばにいるのだから
莫誤是倡家	誤る莫し　是れ倡家と	彼女を倡女とは間違えない

脚注

[脚注の使い方]

^ 「王（簡文帝）入りて皇太子と為るに、家令に転じ、兼ねて管記を掌り、尋いで領直を帯ぶ。摛文体既に別なり、春坊尽く之を学ぶ。『宮体』の号、斯れ自り起こる」（『梁書』徐摛伝）
^ 「初め太宗（簡文帝）藩に在りて、雅に文章の士を好む……南朝斉の永明中、文士王融・謝朓・沈約、文章に始めて四声を用い、以て新変と為す。是に至りて転た声韻に拘われ、弥いよ麗靡を尚ぶこと、復た往事に踰えたり」（『梁書』庾肩吾伝）
^ 「時に庾肩吾、南朝梁の太子中庶子と為り、管記を掌る。東海の徐摛は左衛率為り。徐摛の子の徐陵及び庾肩吾の子の庾信は並びに抄撰学士と為る……既に盛才有りて、文並びに綺艶、故に世は号して『徐庾体』と為す」（『北周書』庾信伝）

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宮体詩

特徴