元治

元治げんじ旧仮名遣: げんぢ)は、日本元号の一つ。文久の後、慶応の前。大化以降226番目、242個目の元号。1864年から1865年までの期間。この時代の天皇孝明天皇江戸幕府将軍は徳川家茂

改元

経緯

改元の議論は前年11月から始まっており、折りしも将軍徳川家茂の上洛と重なった。朝廷は「令徳」を希望し、次案に「元治」を提案した[1][2]。即ち、松平慶永(春嶽)の『逸事史補』によると二条斉敬より幕府に相談された書付には令徳に●がつけられていた。令徳とは徳川に令するであり、元治とは元にて治る、つまり王代になさんとの意味也と二条城の老中部屋では眉を顰めた。春嶽は天下の政権は御所にあり幕府は覇府なりと笑い、その上で(日本の)元号に用いる文字はそれまで使われた文字を用いるのが習いであり「令」の字はこの例にあてはまらない。古来用いられたかどうかは定かではないが元治の方が穏当と意見を述べた。令徳に反対していた一橋慶喜と老中は春嶽に二条斉敬中川宮への応接を依頼し、春嶽は同じ意見を両者へ開陳して了解を得た。朝廷も「元治」で同意したことにより採用された。後に春嶽は「実に今にて考ふれば、小児争いの如し」と回顧した。改元の儀式には京都守護職松平容保京都所司代稲葉正邦が幕府代表として招かれた事が記録されている[3]

出典

周易』の「乾用九、天下也」および『三国志』の「天地以四時成功、首以輔弼興」より。勘申者は文章博士五条為栄[4]

元治年間の出来事

誕生

死去

西暦との対照表

※は小の月を示す。

元治元年(甲子 一月※ 二月※ 三月 四月※ 五月 六月※ 七月 八月 九月 十月※ 十一月 十二月※
グレゴリオ暦 1864/2/8 3/8 4/6 5/6 6/4 7/4 8/2 9/1 10/1 10/31 11/29 12/29
ユリウス暦 1864/1/27 2/25 3/25 4/24 5/23 6/22 7/21 8/20 9/19 10/19 11/17 12/17
元治二年(乙丑 一月 二月※ 三月※ 四月 五月※ 閏五月 六月※ 七月 八月 九月※ 十月 十一月 十二月※
グレゴリオ暦 1865/1/27 2/26 3/27 4/25 5/25 6/23 7/23 8/21 9/20 10/20 11/18 12/18 1866/1/17
ユリウス暦 1865/1/15 2/14 3/15 4/13 5/13 6/11 7/11 8/9 9/8 10/8 11/6 12/6 1866/1/5

関連項目

脚注

  1. ^ 【iRONNA発】改元 幻の幕末元号「令徳」の衝撃 後藤致人氏(1/2ページ) - 産経新聞
  2. ^ 【iRONNA発】改元 幻の幕末元号「令徳」の衝撃 後藤致人氏(2/2ページ) - 産経新聞
  3. ^ 久保貴子「改元にみる朝幕関係」『近世の朝廷運営-朝幕関係の展開-』(岩田書院、1998年) ISBN 4-87294-115-2 P286-289
  4. ^ 日本歴史学会編『明治維新人名辞典』吉川弘文館、1981年、399頁。

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