二硫黄

二硫黄
IUPAC名

Disulfur

別称
Diatomic sulfur

Sulfur

Sulfur dimer
識別情報
CAS登録番号 23550-45-0 チェック
PubChem 5460602
ChemSpider 4574100 チェック
ChEBI
Gmelin参照 753
特性
化学式 S2
モル質量 64.13 g mol−1
精密質量 63.944141380 g mol-1
双極子モーメント 0 D
熱化学
標準生成熱 ΔfHo 128.60 kJ mol-1
標準モルエントロピー So 228.17 kJ K-1 mol-1
標準定圧モル比熱, Cpo 32.51 kJ K-1 mol-1
関連する物質
関連物質 酸素
特記なき場合、データは常温 (25 °C)・常圧 (100 kPa) におけるものである。

二硫黄(Disulfur)は、S2という分子式を持つ[1]二原子分子である。酸素分子のアナログであるが、室温ではほとんど生じない。紫色の気体で、硫黄を720℃以上で加熱することで生成し、530℃、1mmHgの低圧下で、99%は蒸気として存在する。

二硫黄は、二酸化硫黄がほとんどを占めるイオの大気に微量成分の1つとして含まれる[2]。二原子分子は、炭素、酸素、窒素、フッ素を含むことが多いが、これより重い元素の場合は、高温下でのみ安定である。

製法

硫化カルボニル(COS)の大気に紫外線が照射するか、または二硫化炭素(CS2)、二硫化水素(H2S2)、二塩化二硫黄(S2Cl2)、エチレンスルフィド(C2H4S)が光分解すると、二硫黄が生成する。一重項の二硫黄は、硫化水素(H2S)、フッ化チオホスホリル(PSF3)、硫化カルボニル(COS)等の硫黄化合物が光分解する時にも生成する。様々な有機硫黄化合物を加熱することでも生成する[3]。

性質

二硫黄は、酸素や酸化硫黄と同様に三重項状態のジラジカルとして存在する。八硫黄(S8)の持つ206pmの長さのS-S単結合よりもずっと短い189pmの長さのS-S二重結合を持つ。ラマン分光法では、S-S振動帯は715cm-1で見られる[4]。O-Oの対応する振動帯は、1122-1で見られる[要検証 – ノート]。O-O結合のエネルギーは498 kJ/molであるのに対し、S-S結合のエネルギーは、265 kJ/molである[要検証 – ノート]。

硫黄には多くの同素体があり、恐らく30もある。それらの特有の性質は様々な分光法により区別される。通常の状態で安定な唯一の形態は、八硫黄(S8)である[5]。

出典

  1. ^ Steudel, Ralf; Eckert, Bodo (2003). "Solid Sulfur Allotropes". Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur-Rich Compounds I. Topics in Current Chemistry 230. pp. 58–68. doi:10.1007/b12110. ISBN 978-3-540-40191-9.
  2. ^ Lellouch, E. (January 2005). "Io's Atmosphere and Surface-Atmosphere Interactions". Space Science Reviews 116 (1–2): 211–224. Bibcode: 2005SSRv..116..211L . doi:10.1007/s11214-005-1957-z.
  3. ^ Tardif, Sylvie L.; Rys, Andrzej Z.; Abrams, Charles B.; Abu-Yousef, Imad A.; Lesté-Lasserre, Pierre B. F.; Schultz, Erwin K. V.; Harpp, David N. (1997). "Recent chemistry of the chalcogen diatomics". Tetrahedron 53 (36): 12225. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)00555-3.
  4. ^ Eckert, Bodo; Steudel, Ralf (2003). "Molecular Spectra of Sulfur Molecules and Solid Sulfur Allotropes". Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur-Rich Compounds II. Topics in Current Chemistry 231. pp. 181–191. doi:10.1007/b13181. ISBN 978-3-540-40378-4.
  5. ^ A. F. Holleman, N. Wiberg. Inorganic Chemistry. Academic Press; Berlin ; New York : De Gruyter, 2001.ISBN 0-12-352651-5.

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