パウル・クレッチマー

パウル・クレッチマー
1927年3月撮影
人物情報
生誕 (1866-05-02) 1866年5月2日
プロイセン王国の旗 プロイセン王国 ベルリン
死没 1956年3月9日(1956-03-09)(89歳没)
 オーストリア ウィーン
学問
研究分野 言語学インド・ヨーロッパ語
研究機関 マールブルク大学
ウィーン大学
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パウル・クレッチマー(Paul Kretschmer、1866年5月2日 - 1956年3月9日)は、ドイツ言語学者インド・ヨーロッパ語族の専門家だが、とくにギリシア語の歴史に関する著書によって知られる。

略歴

クレッチマーはベルリンに生まれた。1884年にベルリン大学に入学して、ヨハネス・シュミットインド・ヨーロッパ語族の比較言語学を、カール・ロバートドイツ語版考古学を、ヘルマン・ディールスに古典文献学を学んだ[1]。1889年にギリシア語文法に関する論文によって博士の学位を[2]、1891年にインド・ヨーロッパ語族のアクセントと音声の研究で教授資格を得た[3]

1897年にマールブルク大学のインド・ヨーロッパ語族比較文法の員外教授に就任した。1899年にはウィーン大学の比較言語学正教授に就任し、1937年に退官するまでその任にあった[1]。1956年にウィーンで没した。

クレッチマーは1907年に学術雑誌『Glotta』を創刊した[4]

主な業績

クレッチマーのもっとも有名な著書は1896年の『ギリシア語史導論』である。この書物において、基層言語として原ギリシア語に影響を及ぼしたであろう諸言語について考察している。クレッチマーが論じたのはトラキア人およびフリュギア人イリュリア人、古代マケドニア人などであるが、中でも小アジアの諸言語について詳細に述べている。クレッチマーはギリシアに見られる -nth-, -nd- などを含む地名が小アジアの言語にも見られること、小アジアに Ba, Baba, Aba, Abba のような音形を持つ幼児語的な名前(Lallnamen)が見られることに注目している。

現在でも有名なクレッチマーの説に、ドナウ川ドニエストル川ドニエプル川ドン川などの川の名をスキタイ語起源と解釈したことがある。

  • “Zum Balkan-Skythischen”. Glotta 24 (1): 1-56. (1935). JSTOR 40265408. 

脚注

  1. ^ a b NDB
  2. ^ Beiträge zur griechischen Grammatik. Gütersloh: C. Bertelsmann. https://archive.org/details/beitrgezurgriec00kretgoog 
  3. ^ “Indogermanische Accent- und Lautstudien”. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen 31 (3): 325-472. (1892). JSTOR 40845873. https://archive.org/details/indogermanischea00kretuoft. 
  4. ^ Glotta, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, https://www.jstor.org/journal/glotta 

参考文献

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