ハプログループF (mtDNA)

ハプログループF (mtDNA)(ハプログループF (ミトコンドリアDNA)、: Haplogroup F (mtDNA))とは、分子人類学で用いられる、人類ミトコンドリアDNAハプログループ(型集団)の分類のうち、ハプログループNの子系統「R9」を祖先に持ち「249d」、「6392」、「10310」などの特徴的変異をもつもので、サブクレードは、F1、F2、F3、F4などである[1]

概略

起源

この型の祖系の「R9」はNから分岐した系統にあたる。

分布

ハプログループFは、現在東南アジア最大規模の人口を持つグループである[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]。 高頻度で見られる地域は、ニコバル諸島(50%)・インドアルナーチャル・プラデーシュ州(31%)・ジャワ(28%)・小スンダ列島(23%)・中国大陸長江以南(特に雲南省ラフ族77%・広州26%)・ベトナム(26%)・ラオスフィリピン(29%)・台湾原住民(27%)・日本(5.4%)などである[13]。全体としてオーストロアジア系民族オーストロネシア系民族で高頻度である。中央アジアメラネシアでは低頻度であり、アメリカ大陸では検出されていない[14][15][16]北アジアでもほとんど観察されないが、例外的にケット人においては23.7%の中頻度で観察される[17]

日本での分布

日本列島では、沖縄宮崎をはじめ各府県にも分布し、北海道にも多少その痕跡が見られることから、縄文時代には既に南方諸島から北上したことがうかがえ、現在、日本人の約5.4%がこのハプログループFに属している[18][19][20]

日本人トップアスリートの身体能力との関連

近年、日本人のトップアスリートたちの身体能力とミトコンドリアDNAの研究が進むにつれ、瞬発系・パワー系の競技者群において、ハプログループFの頻度が高いことが指摘されている。これは、ハプログループFは、細胞内のCa2+濃度の調節や解糖系によるATP生成速度、筋収縮の速度に差があるのではないかと指摘されている[21]

系統樹

ハプログループFのサブクレードの系統樹は、マニス・バン・オーブンマンフレッド・カイザーの論文に基づく[22]

ヒトミトコンドリアDNAハプログループ系統樹

  ミトコンドリア・イブ (L)    
L0 L1 L5 L2 L6 L4 L3  
  M   N  
M7   M8   M9   D G Q N1   N2   N9   A O S X   R  
M7a C Z E I W Y R0   R9   B JT P  U
HV F J T K
H V

脚注

  1. ^ David Comas, Stephanie Plaza, R. Spencer Wells et al., "Admixture, migrations, and dispersals in Central Asia: evidence from maternal DNA lineages," European Journal of Human Genetics (2004) 12, 495–504. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201160
  2. ^ Starikovskaya, E. B., Sukernik, R. I., Derbeneva, O. A., Volodko, N. V., Ruiz-Pesini, E., Torroni, A., Brown, M. D., Lott, M. T., Hosseini, S. H., Huoponen, K. and Wallace, D. C. (2005), "Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Indigenous Populations of the Southern Extent of Siberia, and the Origins of Native American Haplogroups." Annals of Human Genetics, 69: 67–89. doi: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00127.x
  3. ^ Catherine Hill, Pedro Soares, Maru Mormina et al., "Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians," Mol. Biol. Evol. 23(12):2480–2491. (2006) doi:10.1093/molbev/msl124
  4. ^ Catherine Hill, Pedro Soares, Maru Mormina et al., "A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia," Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2007;80:29–43.
  5. ^ Bo Wen, Xuanhua Xie, Song Gao et al., "Analyses of Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations Reveals Sex-Biased Admixture in Southern Tibeto-Burmans," Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74:856–865 (2004)
  6. ^ Bo Wen, Hui Li, Song Gao et al., "Genetic Structure of Hmong-Mien Speaking Populations in East Asia as Revealed by mtDNA Lineages," Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(3):725–734. (2005) doi:10.1093/molbev/msi055
  7. ^ Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova G, Perkova M, Rogalla U, et al. (2012), "Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe." PLoS ONE 7(2): e32179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032179
  8. ^ Supannee Kaewsutthi, Nopasak Phasukkijwatana, Yutthana Joyjinda et al., "Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, June 2011, Vol. 52, No. 7
  9. ^ Min-Sheng Peng, Huy Ho Quang, Khoa Pham Dang et al., "Tracing the Austronesian Footprint in Mainland Southeast Asia: A Perspective from Mitochondrial DNA," Mol. Biol. Evol. 27(10):2417–2430. 2010 doi:10.1093/molbev/msq131
  10. ^ Noriyuki Fuku, Kyong Soo Park, Yoshiji Yamada et al., "Mitochondrial Haplogroup N9a Confers Resistance against Type 2 Diabetes in Asians," Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2007; 80:407–415. DOI: 10.1086/512202
  11. ^ Kim W, Yoo T-K, Shin D-J, Rho H-W, Jin H-J, et al. (2008) "Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup Analysis Reveals no Association between the Common Genetic Lineages and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population." PLoS ONE 3(5): e2211. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002211
  12. ^ Kristina A. Tabbada, Jean Trejaut, Jun-Hun Loo et al., "Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia?," Mol. Biol. Evol. 27(1):21–31. (2010) doi:10.1093/molbev/msp215
  13. ^ Derenko, Miroslava 2007 Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations The American Journal of Human Genetics 81, 5, Nov 07, 1025–1041
  14. ^ M. A. Bermisheva, K. Tambets, R. Villems, and E. K. Khusnutdinova, "Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups in Ethnic Populations of the Volga–Ural Region," Molecular Biology, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 802–812. Translated from Molekulyarnaya Biologiya, Vol. 36, No. 6, 2002, pp. 990–1001.
  15. ^ Simona Fornarino, Maria Pala, Vincenza Battaglia et al., "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation," BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:154 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154
  16. ^ Ville N Pimenoff, David Comas, Jukka U Palo et al., "Northwest Siberian Khanty and Mansi in the junction of West and East Eurasian gene pools as revealed by uniparental markers," European Journal of Human Genetics (2008) 16, 1254–1264; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.101
  17. ^ Starikovskaya, E. B.; Sukernik, R. I.; Derbeneva, O. A.; Volodko, N. V.; Ruiz-Pesini, E.; Torroni, A.; Brown, M. D.; Lott, M. T.; Hosseini, S. H.; Huoponen, K.; Wallace, D. C. (2005). "Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Indigenous Populations of the Southern Extent of Siberia, and the Origins of Native American Haplogroups". Annals of Human Genetics. 69: 67–89. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00127.x. PMC 3905771Freely accessible. PMID 15638829.
  18. ^ Sayaka Maruyama, Kiyoshi Minaguchi, and Naruya Saitou, "Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population," Int J Legal Med (2003) 117 : 218–225 DOI 10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2
  19. ^ Asari M et al., "Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population," Leg Med (2007), doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007
  20. ^ Taketo Uchiyama, Rinnosuke Hisazumi, Kenshi Shimizu et al., "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation and Phylogenetic Analysis in Japanese Individuals from Miyazaki Prefecture," Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology 01/2007; 12(1):83-96. DOI:10.3408/jafst.12.83
  21. ^ 『日本人トップアスリートの身体運動能力を規定するミトコンドリア DNA 多型の探索』
  22. ^ van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). “Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation”. Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121449735/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 2009年5月20日閲覧。. 
  23. ^ PhyloTree.org New in Build 13 (28 Dec 2011)

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