^van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID18853457. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
^hmong.wiki. “ハプログループ D (mtDNA)” (英語). www.asianprofile.wiki. 2022年3月9日閲覧。
^"Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock Supplementary material" (PDF). 2009. pp. page89.
^ abUmetsu, Kazuo; Tanaka, Masashi; Yuasa, Isao (2005). “Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations”. Electrophoresis26 (1): 91–98. doi:10.1002/elps.200406129. PMID15624129.
^ abMaruyama, Sayaka; Minaguchi, Kiyoshi; Saitou, Naruya (2003). “Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population”. Int J Legal Med117 (4): 218–225. doi:10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2. PMID12845447.
^Kong, Qing-Peng; Yao, Yong-Gang; Liu, Mu (2003). “Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China”. Hum Genet113 (5): 391–405. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7. PMID12938036.
^Malhi, Ripan S.; Breece, Katherine E.; Schultz Shook, Beth A.; Kaestle, Frederika A. (2004). “Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America”. Human Biology76 (1): 33–54. doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0023. PMID15222679.
^Malhi, Ripan S.; Mortensen, Holly M.; Eshleman, Jason A. (2003). “Native American mtDNA Prehistory in the American Southwest”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology120 (2): 108–124. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10138. PMID12541329.
^Wen, Bo; Li, Hui; Gao, Song (2005). “Genetic Structure of Hmong-Mien Speaking Populations in East Asia as Revealed by mtDNA Lineages”. Mol. Biol. Evol.22 (3): 725–734. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi055. PMID15548747.