エナメル芽細胞

エナメル芽細胞（エナメルがさいぼう、英: ameloblast）は、エナメルタンパクのエナメリンやアメロゲニンを産生する細胞[1]。造エナメル細胞とも言う。これらのエナメルタンパクは、分解後に石灰化して人体でもっとも硬いエナメル質となる[1]。エナメル芽細胞は外胚葉起源の口腔上皮組織に由来しており、これが歯乳頭からの刺激により、エナメル芽細胞となる。4つのエナメル芽細胞が集まって1本のエナメル小柱を形成する[2]。2016年11月には、東北大学大学院歯学研究科がエナメル芽細胞を利用した歯のエナメル質の人工的形成に成功している[1]。

エナメル芽細胞の分化

エナメル芽細胞は増殖期・分化期（形態形成期）・基質形成期（分泌期）・移行期・成熟期・退縮期（縮合期）・保護期の段階を経る[3]。成熟期は8割から9割が波状縁を持つようになるが、周期的に波状縁を持たない形態の細胞群が登場し、最終的に波状縁を持つ形状に戻る性質を持つ[4]。最終的なエナメル質の厚さを決める形成期にはトームス突起を持ち、アメロゲニンを始めとしたエナメルタンパク質の分泌を行っている[2]。成熟期にはエナメルタンパク質の脱却とカルシウム・リンなどのミネラルの輸送を行っている[2]。

脚注

[脚注の使い方]
  1. ^ a b c “人工的に歯のエナメル質を形成することに成功 〜次世代のむし歯の治療や歯の再生への応用が期待〜”. 東北大学大学院歯学研究科. 2021年8月23日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c 中村浩彰. “口腔組織・発生学”. 2021年8月23日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2021年8月23日閲覧。
  3. ^ “エナメル芽細胞（アメロブラスト） | 1D歯科用語辞典”. 1D(ワンディー). 2019年12月12日閲覧。
  4. ^ “エナメル芽細胞の分化メカニズムの研究｜研究｜硬組織構造生物学分野：Biostructural Science”. www.tmd.ac.jp. 2021年8月23日閲覧。

関連項目

外部リンク

スタブアイコン

この項目は、歯学に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:歯学／Portal:医学と医療）。

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